Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally, but the ____ of drugs in humans and animals is
accelerating the process. - ANSWERSUnder-use, overuse, and use
On average, how long does it take for the development of clinical resistance to occur? -
ANSWERS8 years
Factors contributing to AMR in healthcare include: - ANSWERSAntibiotic use and
availability, poor sanitation, inadequate infection controls
The use of antibiotics in farm animals has been _____ in 1951. - ANSWERSapproved
True/False: According to the WHO, antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest threats
to global health and food security today. - ANSWERSTrue
True/False" Clavams are very potent antibiotics. - ANSWERSFalse
What is this antibiotic? - ANSWERSVancomycin
What is the function of the penicillin binding protein (pbp)? - ANSWERSTo cross-link
peptidoglycan
What is this antibiotic? - ANSWERSCycloserine
True/False: Carbapenems are effective against 98% of bacterial strains isolated from
hospitals. There is a special caution against using this antibiotic to aoid the
development of resistance. – ANSWERSTrue
Why are antibiotics used in food animals? - ANSWERSGrowth promotion, infection
control
True/False: All strains of mold produce penicillin. - ANSWERSFalse
The structure of beta-lactam antibiotics resembles: - ANSWERSA house and garage
Beta-lactam antibiotics are characterized by: (ring and methyl group) - ANSWERSA 4-
member ring containing a Nitrogen.
What are reasons that make it difficult to eliminate antibiotics from their use in farm
animals? - ANSWERSLoss of profit to animal farming companies, loss of profit to
pharmaceutical companies, and easy access to antibiotics
Major host reservoirs that are exposed to antibiotic selective pressure include the
following: - ANSWERSFood animals, pets, and humans