chemistry final Exam review-Graded A
intensive properties - correct answer-depends on what type of matter (ex: denisty,
composition, atomic structure)
extensive properties - correct answer-depends on how much matter you have (amount
of matter), ex: mass, volume, shape
homogenous mixtures - correct answer-one phase (part that you can see), individual
parts not visible (ex: solutions)
heterogenous mixture - correct answer-mixture does not appear the same throughout
(ex: colloids, suspenisons, and blood)
pure substances - correct answer-can only be separated by chemical means
separation techniques - correct answer-1.filter 2. magnet 3. distillation (separation of
boiling points) 4.hand separation 5. chromotography 6. centrifuge
law of conservation of matter - correct answer-matter is not created or destroyed, it just
changes forms
accuracy - correct answer-a measure of how a close measuremnet come to the actual
or true value
precision - correct answer-a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one
another
percent error - correct answer-(|experimental value-accepted value|/accepted value) x
100
adding or subtracting sig figs - correct answer-round to the least # of decimal places
multiply/ divide sig figs - correct answer-round answer to least # of sig figs
evidence of a chemical change - correct answer-color change, gas, water is a new
product
density - correct answer-an intensive property that depends on the composition of a
substance, used to identify a substance, d=m/v
, atom - correct answer-the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a
chemical reaction
Democritus - correct answer-1st person to identiy the atom
John Dalton - correct answer-1st theory to relate chemical changes to events at the
atomic level. his theory: 1. all elements are composed of tiny indivisible molecules
called atoms 2. atoms of the same element are the same 3. atoms of different elements
can physically mix together 4. atoms of different elements can chemically combine to
form a compound
William Crookes - correct answer-invented the cathode ray tube
J.J. Thompson - correct answer-discovered the electron. Thought the atom was a
positive sphere with negatively charged electrons throughout: plum pudding model
Ernest Rutherford - correct answer-found the nucleus; gold foil experiment, used
(positive) alpha particles and a narrow beam of particles directed at a sheet of gold
Neils Bohr - correct answer-electrons move in a circular orbit at fixec distances from the
nucleus, an electron can gain or lose energy by changing its orbit; planetary model
CHADWICK - correct answer-found neutron
Erwin Schrodinger and quantum mechanics - correct answer-electron clouds
Medeleev - correct answer-published a table of elements (periodic table), arranged the
elements in order of increasing atomic mass; found repating patterns in properties, and
left empy spaces in the table
Moseley - correct answer-determined atomic # for each known element; arrangted the
elements in order of increasing atomic number; "father of the modern perodic table"
period - correct answer-horizontal row of elements arranged in order of increasing
atomic number's
family - correct answer-columns of related elements
proton - correct answer-+1 charge, 1 amu, located in the nucleus
neutron - correct answer-0 charge, 1 amu, located in the nucleus
electron - correct answer--1 charge, 0 amu, located outside of nucleus (mass is smaller
than protons and neutrons)
intensive properties - correct answer-depends on what type of matter (ex: denisty,
composition, atomic structure)
extensive properties - correct answer-depends on how much matter you have (amount
of matter), ex: mass, volume, shape
homogenous mixtures - correct answer-one phase (part that you can see), individual
parts not visible (ex: solutions)
heterogenous mixture - correct answer-mixture does not appear the same throughout
(ex: colloids, suspenisons, and blood)
pure substances - correct answer-can only be separated by chemical means
separation techniques - correct answer-1.filter 2. magnet 3. distillation (separation of
boiling points) 4.hand separation 5. chromotography 6. centrifuge
law of conservation of matter - correct answer-matter is not created or destroyed, it just
changes forms
accuracy - correct answer-a measure of how a close measuremnet come to the actual
or true value
precision - correct answer-a measure of how close a series of measurements are to one
another
percent error - correct answer-(|experimental value-accepted value|/accepted value) x
100
adding or subtracting sig figs - correct answer-round to the least # of decimal places
multiply/ divide sig figs - correct answer-round answer to least # of sig figs
evidence of a chemical change - correct answer-color change, gas, water is a new
product
density - correct answer-an intensive property that depends on the composition of a
substance, used to identify a substance, d=m/v
, atom - correct answer-the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a
chemical reaction
Democritus - correct answer-1st person to identiy the atom
John Dalton - correct answer-1st theory to relate chemical changes to events at the
atomic level. his theory: 1. all elements are composed of tiny indivisible molecules
called atoms 2. atoms of the same element are the same 3. atoms of different elements
can physically mix together 4. atoms of different elements can chemically combine to
form a compound
William Crookes - correct answer-invented the cathode ray tube
J.J. Thompson - correct answer-discovered the electron. Thought the atom was a
positive sphere with negatively charged electrons throughout: plum pudding model
Ernest Rutherford - correct answer-found the nucleus; gold foil experiment, used
(positive) alpha particles and a narrow beam of particles directed at a sheet of gold
Neils Bohr - correct answer-electrons move in a circular orbit at fixec distances from the
nucleus, an electron can gain or lose energy by changing its orbit; planetary model
CHADWICK - correct answer-found neutron
Erwin Schrodinger and quantum mechanics - correct answer-electron clouds
Medeleev - correct answer-published a table of elements (periodic table), arranged the
elements in order of increasing atomic mass; found repating patterns in properties, and
left empy spaces in the table
Moseley - correct answer-determined atomic # for each known element; arrangted the
elements in order of increasing atomic number; "father of the modern perodic table"
period - correct answer-horizontal row of elements arranged in order of increasing
atomic number's
family - correct answer-columns of related elements
proton - correct answer-+1 charge, 1 amu, located in the nucleus
neutron - correct answer-0 charge, 1 amu, located in the nucleus
electron - correct answer--1 charge, 0 amu, located outside of nucleus (mass is smaller
than protons and neutrons)
