WGU C985 Health care Analytics

A needs assessment - answer-Is the process of collecting and analyzing information about a specific population, enterprise, or cohort to gain stakeholder insight into cultural engagement. It may also identify coalition strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, issues, available resources, and constraints or barriers. This supports clear direction for decisions involving development of a specific health initiative or program. A non-parametric test - answer-A test that is similar to the paired t test. Absolute risk - answer-The actual probability that an event will occur. Absolute risk reduction - answer-The difference in the chance of an event between the treatment and control groups. Accounts Receivable and cost data - answer-Financial health is critical to any organization. Managing financial data ensures adequate resources for long and short term goals, and sound financial planning. An outcome evaluation - answer-Focuses on the end result of a specific program or initiative, generally clinically measured by improvements in morbidity, mortality, or vital measures of symptoms, signs, or physiologic indicators. ANOVA - answer-Several community health centers across a rural state are gathering data on their pre-diabetic patients and using A1c levels as a baseline measurement to include patients in a research project. Three different interventions will be applied. One group of patients will receive a special diet to follow; the second group will work with physical therapists on a regular exercise program; the third group will follow the diet and engage in the exercise. Which statistical test will be appropriate to use to determine which treatment is most effective in controlling pre-diabetes? ANOVA (analysis of variance) test - answer-May be used in research studies where there are two or more groups to compare. Autonomy - answer-In research, this principle is the right for a person to participate as a human subject, or not. In healthcare, it refers to a patient having the right to make their own choices, unless they have been legally deemed unable to do so. Beneficence - answer-Is a concept which concerns the welfare of a research participant, but can also apply to treatment of patients. The opposite term, "maleficence" describes opposing the welfare of a research participant. You may also see a term, "malfeasance" which is intentional conduct outside the law. Binomial distribution - answer-A probability distribution based on the occurrence of a particular outcome based on n independent yes/no events. Cancer Registry - answer-You are working on a report for the quality improvement manager to identify Hodgkin's Lymphoma rates in the state as they compare to your rural area. Which data source would provide valid data for your report? Case Study - answer-Investigates one person, one organization, one group in depth. Non-participant observational. Categorical Variables - answer-The value is in the name or label. Types of cancers (breast, skin, lung, etc.) CAUTI - answer-Catheter associated urinary tract infection is an infection involving any part of the urinary system, including urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidney Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) - answer-Division of Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Is responsible for developing healthcare policy in the U.S., and administering Medicare program and federal portion of Medicaid program. Central limit theorem - answer-The theory which predicts that the frequency distribution of the means of samples drawn from any population will approach the normal distribution. Chi-square test - answer-Determine if an association exists between two categorical variables. CLABSI - answer-Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection Confidence limits - answer-An expression of the range of values between which the population mean is believed to be found. Confounding Variable - answer-It obscures the effect of another variable, the researcher may initially believe the variable will have an influence on the research, but findings show it does not. As a researcher, you may not be able to control its influence on the result of the research, but you should have an awareness that it is impacting your results and do not allow it to skew your data. Contingency tables - answer-Tables that display frequency data for nominal scale data. Continuous variable - answer-Also known as an interval variable. There is a meaningful difference between values. An example is body temperature. Cross-sectional - answer-There are two standard treatments for children with ADHD who display a specific set of characteristics. One treatment is a cognitive behavioral intervention, and the other is a dietary and biomedical intervention. Both treatments have equally strong clinical evidence supporting their efficacy. A researcher proposes a comparison of the two interventions to determine which is preferable. The children will be randomized to one of two groups: half of the children will receive the cognitive behavioral intervention and the other half of the children will receive the dietary and biomedical intervention. Which test is appropriate to determining the preferable treatment? data warehouse - answer-A business intelligence analyst at a regional healthcare system is developing reports for clinical quality improvement projects and best practice guideline development. The best practice guidelines will be used across the entire regional system. Which type of database would be used to gather and analyze data for the reports needed? Data warehouse - answer-Used for advanced data mining. Hold huge amounts of data, used when multiple organizations join to share information, i.e., ACO or HIE. Data will identify if children's diagnosis would appropriately be treated at the clinic. - answer-The ED manager is concerned with pediatric patients being treating on evening and night shifts. Parents often wait long hours for their child to be seen due to trauma patients having first priority. Staff has complained about inefficiency in care. Hospital administration directed the ED manager to analyze data on children being treated from 7 pm to 8 am in the ED for the past year, to determine if these children could have been seen in the outpatient clinic. Consideration is being given to expanding clinic hours and cost effectiveness of doing so. How will descriptive statistics be used to support a decision to expand clinic hours? Data will identify if children's diagnosis would appropriately be treated at the clinic. - answer-The ED manager is concerned with pediatric patients being treating on evening and night shifts. Parents often wait long hours for their child to be seen due to trauma patients having first priority. Staff has complained about inefficiency in care. Hospital administration directed the ED manager to analyze data on children being treated from 7 pm to 8 am in the ED for the past year, to determine if these children could have been seen in the outpatient clinic. Consideration is being given to expanding clinic hours and cost effectiveness of doing so. How will descriptive statistics be used to support a decision to expand clinic hours? De-identified database: - answer-All patient information removed, cannot identify patient through any data point. Used in clinical trials for anonymity/ protection of human subjects, to encourage valid research. Descriptive Statistics - answer-The researchers recruited 80 physicians (44 men and 36 women) and 113 nurses (10 men and 103 women) for a total sample of 193. Approximately 71% of participants were female, 69% were Caucasian, 11% were African American, 6% were Hispanic, 10% were Asian, and 4% identified as Other. The average age of the healthcare providers was 44 years (range: 22-75), and the average years of professional experience was 15 years (range: 1-47). A majority of the healthcare professionals lived in Florida (N = 148). This is an example of what type of statistics? Dichotomous variable - answer-Also called a binary variable. Occurs in one of two possible states. For example, male or female. The patient has cancer or does not have cancer. Distribution and deviations - answer-Normal ___________ visually reflects a well-formed bell curve. Variation may appear to be skewed outside the normal distribution and require additional testing for statistical significance. Error - answer-Incorrect application of a statistical test can result in a type I _________, which occurs when a null hypothesis is rejected when it should have been accepted. A type II ________ is experienced when the alternative hypothesis is rejected when it should have been accepted. Evidence-based practice - answer-Healthcare administrators must have a working knowledge of statistics in order to make sound, effective decisions when using research to inform treatment and processes. Studies show that using analytical skills to make decisions based on quality data will result in increased patient satisfaction and improved outcomes (Scott & Mazhindu, 2014). In order to discern the highest-quality research, administrators must have the expertise necessary to objectively analyze statistics for validity. For both professionals and patients, a basic understanding of research and statistics in healthcare fosters improved health literacy and informed decisions. F-test - answer-Is designed to test if two population variances are equal. The ratio of the two variances is compared. If they are equal, the ratio of the variances will be 1. Fidelity - answer-This principle requires loyalty, fairness, truthfulness, advocacy, and dedication to patients (and others). It involves an agreement to keep promises, to keep a commitment, and is based on the virtue of caring. This principle would include patient advocacy. Flat File database - answer-Single table database. Cannot merge, must cut and paste. Good for storage of information. Similar to Excel spreadsheet. Forecasting - answer-Is the process of predicting outcomes and needs to create systems and models with the highest financial and operational safety and efficiency; it can be used to determine potential use of services and patient demand, or to expand service lines and markets. HCAHPS - answer-Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Health disparities - answer-Defined as "differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases"; frequently seen in subpopulations based on socioeconomic status, geography, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or special needs. Health Payment Systems Data - answer-Data mined from billing/ coding departments, many organizations use software or services to facilitate their process. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) - answer-An agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Primary federal agency for improving healthcare to people geographically isolated, economically or medically vulnerable. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) - answer-Is an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary Federal agency for improving health care to people who are geographically isolated, or economically or medically vulnerable. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) - answer-Physicians in a northwest coast metropolitan city are concerned about the medical needs of the growing homeless population living in their streets. Which of these would be a good source of information and assistance in planning programs to serve this population? Hierarchical database - answer-Older type of database. Structured like an organizational chart, has a one to many relationship. Slow response time to retrieve data due to the way relationships are built into the database. Histogram - answer-Is a tool to plot the frequency and number of cases and is useful to identify areas of high variance. Inferential Statistics - answer-Draws conclusions about a larger population based on data from a sample.