D514 Analytical Methods of Healthcare Leaders

Accounts Receivable and Cost Data - answer-Tracking this data ensures adequate resources for long- and short-term goals and financial planning. ANOVA test - answer-Analysis of variance (ANOVA) may be used in research studies where there are two or more groups to compare. Autonomy - answer-In research, this principle is the right for a person to participate as a human subject or not. In healthcare, it refers to a patient having the right to make their own choices, unless they have been legally deemed unable to do so. Beneficence - answer-This is a concept that concerns the welfare of a research participant, but it can also apply to the treatment of patients. The opposite term, "maleficence," describes opposing the welfare of a research participant. You may also see a term, "malfeasance," which is intentional conduct outside the law. California - answer-Review the "State Facts" Data provided by the Henry J. Kaiser Foundation. Use the data from January 2018 to compare state Medicaid and CHIP Enrollment, when comparing the pre-Affordable Care Act average monthly enrollment to the total monthly Medicaid and CHIP enrollment. Select the correct answers to the following questions. Which state has the highest enrollment? Categorical variables - answer-The value is in the name or label. Types of cancers (breast, skin, lung, etc.) are categorical variables. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection Rates (CAUTI) - answer-This hospital-acquired infection is tracked and reported to Medicare. One of the first hospital-acquired conditions selected for nonpayment by Medicare. Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) - answer-Responsible for developing U.S. healthcare policy; administers the Medicare program and federal portion of Medicaid program. Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) - answer-Data tracked to ensure best practices in treating patients receiving repeated IV medication or fluids. Catheter can become infected over time if guidelines preventing bacterial contamination are not followed. Chi-square tests - answer-Chi-square tests determine if an association exists between two categorical variables. Confounding Variable - answer-It obscures the effect of another variable. The researcher may initially believe the variable will influence the research, but findings show it does not. As a researcher, you may not be able to control its influence on the result of the research, but you should have an awareness that it is impacting your results and not allow it to skew your data. Continuous variable - answer-This is also known as an interval variable. There is a meaningful difference between values. An example is body temperature. Control group - answer-In a healthcare environment, this group of patients does not receive the treatment that is being studied. Current lengths of stay for patients after CABG; this data will provide a baseline trend of current practice. Number of providers providing direct care for patients post CABG per day; knowledge of the extent of human resources used for this patient population will be used to analyze current provider service patterns - answer-The vice president of operations of a medical facility in Jackson, Mississippi, seeks to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, equity, and timeliness of patient care at the facility. Over the past month, 150 patients have undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. These patients require significant resources and are occupying the majority of beds in the facility, on average, with an eight-day post-procedure length of stay. Currently, the facility has no established standardized protocol guiding physicians on postoperative care. The chief medical officer (CMO) is concerned about the situation and sees this as an opportunity to perform data analysis and make recommendations based on the results. The vice president, CMO, and Operations Team are meeting to determine what types of data to gather and analyze to develop recommendations to present to their cardiothoracic surgeons. Their goal is to develop standardized protocols for the care management of this patient population and benchmark the results over time with external standards. The following web link is an additional reference in determining types of data to be considered: "Patient Education: Recovery After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) (Beyond the Basics)" Calculate the descriptive statistics of the presented values and consider a course of action based on the results. Data Warehouse - answer-A business intelligence analyst at a multistate healthcare system is developing reports for clinical quality-improvement projects and best practice guideline development. The best practice guidelines will be used across the entire multistate system. Which type of database should be used to gather and analyze data for the reports needed? Data Warehouses - answer-But, they want to be able to share their data among all of their facilities. They would have a data warehouse into which all of these different technologies could be loaded, and a common language standard would be used in order for all of these different systems to "talk" to each other, to "translate" the data into a common language. By doing this, data could be pulled from all sources for reports and stats. Data warehouses are critical to the success of analytics, because they hold huge amounts of data to be used, and having the common language allows that. It is all very techy on that end, but makes analytics possible for managers and others running reports at the operational level. Data warehouses - answer-These assimilate data from multiple transaction systems. Data warehouses can be used to distinguish larger trends in data from multiple sources Data warehouses - answer-These assimilate data from multiple transaction systems. Data warehouses can be used to distinguish larger trends in data from multiple sources. Databases - answer-A well-designed healthcare database captures data to support the organization's analysis and comparison of safety, quality, effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness, and efficacy of actual care and services delivered to the patient over time. Databases - answer-A well-designed healthcare database captures data to support the organization's analysis and comparison of safety, quality, effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness, and efficacy of actual care and services delivered to the patient over time. De-Identified Database - answer-You may see this term. It refers to removing all identifying patient information. No information can be connected back to a specific patient. It may be used in research to protect participants and human subjects. Dental check-ups should be scheduled in tandem with physician visits. Americans do not view oral care as important as taking care of other parts of the body. - answer-The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has a division of oral health. Its website offers numerous resources, reports, and data-gathering tools for any community or agency interested in developing a more comprehensive oral healthcare plan. The community wellness coordinator for a primary care network wants to determine whether initial education programs for pediatricians and staff will have an impact on oral hygiene. This project includes a coordinated patent education program about the importance of regular dental and physician visits. Based on a review of the research studies, which of the following statements are relevant to the community wellness coordinator? Dichotomous variable - answer-This is also called a binary variable. It occurs in one of two possible states, for example, male or female. The patient has cancer or does not. Disease registries - answer-A hybrid between transaction systems and data warehouses, these are designed for tracking explicitly defined data at a case-specific level. Disease Registries - answer-Secondary data gathered on patient diagnosis, condition, and procedure. Used for public health purposes and documenting disease prevalence. Disease registries - answer-These are a hybrid between transaction systems and data warehouses. They are designed for tracking explicitly defined data at a case-specific level. Some examples are trauma registries to track emergency department data, cancer registries, immunizations registries, and numerous others. Distribution and deviations - answer-Normal distribution visually reflects a well-formed bell curve. Variation may appear to be skewed outside the normal distribution and require additional testing for statistical significance. Errors - answer-Incorrect application of a statistical test can result in a type I error, which occurs when a null hypothesis is rejected when it should have been accepted. A type II error is experienced when the alternative hypothesis is rejected when it should have been accepted. Evidence-based practice - answer-Healthcare administrators must have a working knowledge of statistics in order to make sound, effective decisions when using research to inform treatment and processes. Studies show that using analytical skills to make decisions based on quality data will result in increased patient satisfaction and improved outcomes (Scott & Mazhindu, 2014). In order to discern the highest-quality research, administrators must have the expertise necessary to objectively analyze statistics for validity. For both professionals and patients, a basic understanding of research and statistics in healthcare fosters improved health literacy and informed decisions. Experimental group - answer-This group of patients receives the treatment being studied with follow-up observation to determine the effect of the treatment. F-test - answer-The F-test is designed to test if two population variances are equal. The ratio of the two variances is compared. If they are equal, the ratio of the variances will be 1. False - answer-True or False: Healthcare consumers are spending more money out of pocket for their healthcare services than any time since the 1970s. False - answer-True or False. Public and private spending have both grown substantially, but private spending has grown much faster. Fidelity - answer-this principle requires loyalty, fairness, truthfulness, advocacy, and dedication to patients (and others). It involves an agreement to keep promises, to keep a commitment, and is based on the virtue of caring. This principle would include patient advocacy. Flat File Database - answer-A flat file database is a database designed around a single table. The flat file design puts all database information in one table, or list, with fields to represent all parameters. A flat file may contain many fields, often with duplicate data that are prone to data corruption. If you decide to merge data between two flat files, you need to copy and paste relevant information from one file to the other. There is no automation between flat files. This opens the possibility of data error when moving data among files. Forecasting - answer-Forecasting is the process of predicting outcomes and needs to create systems and models with the highest financial and operational safety and efficiency; it can be used to determine the potential use of services and patient demand, or to expand service lines and markets. Forecasting - answer-The process of predicting outcomes and needs to create systems and models with the highest financial and operational safety and efficiency; it can be used to determine the potential use of services and patient demand or to expand service lines and markets. Frequency - answer-Frequencies measure how often a particular value occurs to assess the importance of a value or check the variation of the values in a study. Health disparities - answer-Health disparities are defined as "differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases;" they are frequently seen in subpopulations based on socioeconomic status, geography, race, ethnicity, sexual orientat