CHD 1020 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Growth Patterns: Answer - gains in height and weight are fairly steady
throughout middle childhood.
Growth patterns vary from child to child.
Boys and girls continue to gain a little over 2 inches in height per year during
the middle childhood years.
pattern of gradual gains does not vary significantly until children reach the
adolescent growth spurt.
average gain in weight between ages of 6 and 12 is about 5-7 pounds a year:
become less stocky and more slender.
Most deviations from these average heights and weights are normal.
Boys are slightly heavier and taller than girls until 9 or 10.
About age 11, boys develop more muscle and girls develop more fatty tissue.
Individual differences are more marked in middle childhood than before.
As bones lengthen and broaden and muscles strengthen, many children want
to engage in more exercise.
Between ages 6 and 12, children lose their primary teeth and the permanent
teeth grow in. Child's facial bones "catch up" so the teeth and face come
together in proportion.
Childhood Asthma: Answer - an allergy type respiratory disorder characterized
by spasms in the lungs, difficulty breathing, wheezing, often coughing, and a
feeling of tightness in the chest that prevents the person suffering from getting
enough air.
Childhood asthma is more likely to be found in more affluent countries. The
problem is more serious in poorer nations.
,Children who had previously had respiratory infections and skin irritations were
at a higher risk of developing asthma. Nasal corticosteroids can treat asthma,
as well as: cromolyn sodium and nedocromil, immunomodulators, LABA, and
more. Dust, dander, and mites are encouraged to be removed from homes.
Some children can outgrow asthma.
Gender Similarities and Differences: Answer - Girls begin their adolescent
growth spurt and surpass boys in height and weight until 13 or 14.
Boys approach the peak of their adolescent growth spurt; become taller and
heavier than girls.
Steady gains in height and weight in middle childhood is accompanied by an
increase in muscular strength and for both girls and boys.
Throughout middle childhood, boys and girls perform similarly in most motor
activities.
Boys show slightly overall greater strength and in the forearm which aids in
throwing and swinging the bat.
Girls show greater limb coordination and flexibility in activities such as
gymnastics, balancing, and dancing.
At puberty, gender differences in motor performance favoring boys become
progressively greater.
By middle childhood, boys are more involved in competitive games and in
games of longer duration.
In both genders in middle childhood, physical activity decreases with age.
Physical activities become increasingly stereotyped by children as being
masculine or feminine.
Concrete Operational Style: Answer - The third stage in Piaget's cognitive
developmental theory of moral development, characterized by flexible,
reversible thought concerning tangible objects and events.
Lasts until about age 12.
Children show the beginnings of the capacity for adult logic.
, However, their thought processes, or operations, generally involve tangible
objects rather than abstract ideas (which is why we refer to their thinking as
concrete).
The thinking of a concrete operational child is characterized by reversibility and
flexibility.
They are less egocentric than preoperational children.
Concrete operational children can engage in decentration.
They understand the law of conservation.
Transitivity: Answer - The principle that if A is greater than B in a property and
B is greater than C, then A is greater than C.
Decentration: Answer - simultaneous focusing on more than one aspect or
dimension of a problem or situation; has implications for conservation and
other intellectual undertakings.
Seriation Tasks: Answer - Placing objects in an order or series according to a
property or trait. Piaget's example was with sticks.
Kohlberg's Moral Development: Answer - A key factor is knowledge of social
rules; he elaborated on the kinds of information children use and on the
complexities of moral reasoning. Kohlberg emphasized the importance of being
able to view the moral world from the perspective of another person.
Kholberg said that children and adults arrive at yes or no answers for different
reasons. These reasons can be classified according to the level of moral
development they reflect. The cognitive processes behind each decision reflect
different levels of reasoning. Kholberg argued that the developmental stages of
moral reasoning follow the same sequence in all children. (Stage 1 becomes
before Stage 2 and so on)
At the Preconventional level, children base their moral judgments on the
consequences of their behavior. Stage 1 is oriented toward obedience and
QUESTIONS WITH ALL CORRECT ANSWERS!!
Growth Patterns: Answer - gains in height and weight are fairly steady
throughout middle childhood.
Growth patterns vary from child to child.
Boys and girls continue to gain a little over 2 inches in height per year during
the middle childhood years.
pattern of gradual gains does not vary significantly until children reach the
adolescent growth spurt.
average gain in weight between ages of 6 and 12 is about 5-7 pounds a year:
become less stocky and more slender.
Most deviations from these average heights and weights are normal.
Boys are slightly heavier and taller than girls until 9 or 10.
About age 11, boys develop more muscle and girls develop more fatty tissue.
Individual differences are more marked in middle childhood than before.
As bones lengthen and broaden and muscles strengthen, many children want
to engage in more exercise.
Between ages 6 and 12, children lose their primary teeth and the permanent
teeth grow in. Child's facial bones "catch up" so the teeth and face come
together in proportion.
Childhood Asthma: Answer - an allergy type respiratory disorder characterized
by spasms in the lungs, difficulty breathing, wheezing, often coughing, and a
feeling of tightness in the chest that prevents the person suffering from getting
enough air.
Childhood asthma is more likely to be found in more affluent countries. The
problem is more serious in poorer nations.
,Children who had previously had respiratory infections and skin irritations were
at a higher risk of developing asthma. Nasal corticosteroids can treat asthma,
as well as: cromolyn sodium and nedocromil, immunomodulators, LABA, and
more. Dust, dander, and mites are encouraged to be removed from homes.
Some children can outgrow asthma.
Gender Similarities and Differences: Answer - Girls begin their adolescent
growth spurt and surpass boys in height and weight until 13 or 14.
Boys approach the peak of their adolescent growth spurt; become taller and
heavier than girls.
Steady gains in height and weight in middle childhood is accompanied by an
increase in muscular strength and for both girls and boys.
Throughout middle childhood, boys and girls perform similarly in most motor
activities.
Boys show slightly overall greater strength and in the forearm which aids in
throwing and swinging the bat.
Girls show greater limb coordination and flexibility in activities such as
gymnastics, balancing, and dancing.
At puberty, gender differences in motor performance favoring boys become
progressively greater.
By middle childhood, boys are more involved in competitive games and in
games of longer duration.
In both genders in middle childhood, physical activity decreases with age.
Physical activities become increasingly stereotyped by children as being
masculine or feminine.
Concrete Operational Style: Answer - The third stage in Piaget's cognitive
developmental theory of moral development, characterized by flexible,
reversible thought concerning tangible objects and events.
Lasts until about age 12.
Children show the beginnings of the capacity for adult logic.
, However, their thought processes, or operations, generally involve tangible
objects rather than abstract ideas (which is why we refer to their thinking as
concrete).
The thinking of a concrete operational child is characterized by reversibility and
flexibility.
They are less egocentric than preoperational children.
Concrete operational children can engage in decentration.
They understand the law of conservation.
Transitivity: Answer - The principle that if A is greater than B in a property and
B is greater than C, then A is greater than C.
Decentration: Answer - simultaneous focusing on more than one aspect or
dimension of a problem or situation; has implications for conservation and
other intellectual undertakings.
Seriation Tasks: Answer - Placing objects in an order or series according to a
property or trait. Piaget's example was with sticks.
Kohlberg's Moral Development: Answer - A key factor is knowledge of social
rules; he elaborated on the kinds of information children use and on the
complexities of moral reasoning. Kohlberg emphasized the importance of being
able to view the moral world from the perspective of another person.
Kholberg said that children and adults arrive at yes or no answers for different
reasons. These reasons can be classified according to the level of moral
development they reflect. The cognitive processes behind each decision reflect
different levels of reasoning. Kholberg argued that the developmental stages of
moral reasoning follow the same sequence in all children. (Stage 1 becomes
before Stage 2 and so on)
At the Preconventional level, children base their moral judgments on the
consequences of their behavior. Stage 1 is oriented toward obedience and
