NURS 6111 Exam 1/ 100 Questions with
Verified Solutions.
Na normal lab value - Answer: 135-145
K normal lab value - Answer: 3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value - Answer: 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value - Answer: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K - Answer: excessive thirst, increased urination,
muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal
cramping
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,Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg - Answer: muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness,
abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by - Answer: converting a strong
acid or base to a weak one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions - Answer: Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE
mediated reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks
healthy RBC thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and
cause tissue damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do
not involve antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial
infection
Prematurity - Answer: baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal
age, multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic
conditions. Clinical findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice,
feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) - Answer: babies born before 28 weeks,
caused by lack of surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting),
males are more prone
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, NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) - Answer: babies born before 32 weeks, caused by
damage and inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and
distended abdomen. Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) - Answer: common between 1-4 months of
age, most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft
surface, occurs in boys more often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome - Answer: Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15
pair of chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause
of obesity. The degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild
range. Students with Prader-Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do
not respond well to sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in low
muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities,
problem behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive
eating and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome - Answer: caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects
the heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents,
DGS triad: conotruncal cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia.
can cause cleft lip, hearing loss, learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody - Answer: inhibit the passage of alien substances that
attempt to enter the circulatory system. mucosal immunity
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Verified Solutions.
Na normal lab value - Answer: 135-145
K normal lab value - Answer: 3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value - Answer: 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value - Answer: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K - Answer: excessive thirst, increased urination,
muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal
cramping
Page 1 of 18
,Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg - Answer: muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness,
abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by - Answer: converting a strong
acid or base to a weak one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions - Answer: Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE
mediated reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks
healthy RBC thinking they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and
cause tissue damage , ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do
not involve antibodies, ex contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial
infection
Prematurity - Answer: baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal
age, multiple pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic
conditions. Clinical findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice,
feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) - Answer: babies born before 28 weeks,
caused by lack of surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting),
males are more prone
Page 2 of 18
, NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) - Answer: babies born before 32 weeks, caused by
damage and inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and
distended abdomen. Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) - Answer: common between 1-4 months of
age, most frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft
surface, occurs in boys more often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome - Answer: Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15
pair of chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause
of obesity. The degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild
range. Students with Prader-Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do
not respond well to sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in low
muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities,
problem behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive
eating and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome - Answer: caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects
the heart, immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents,
DGS triad: conotruncal cardiac anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia.
can cause cleft lip, hearing loss, learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody - Answer: inhibit the passage of alien substances that
attempt to enter the circulatory system. mucosal immunity
Page 3 of 18
