NURS 354 exam 1 (100% Correct)
type 1 diabetes - ANSWERScharacterized by a destruction of pancreatic beta cells;
these patients no longer have the ability to produce insulin
- typically diagnosed before age 30
diabetic ketoacidosis - ANSWERSacidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone
bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar
manifestations:
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- N/V
- fatigue
- fruity breath
- blurry vision
- Kussmaul's respirations
type 2 diabetes - ANSWERScommon in those over 30 with obesity
typically stems from insulin resistance
typical symptoms of type 2 diabetes - ANSWERSfatigue
irritability
polyuria
polydipsia
poor wound healing
vaginal infections
blurred vision
prevention for type 2 diabetes - ANSWERSappropriate lifestyle changes
criteria for type 2 diabetes diagnosis - ANSWERSevidence of symptoms plus:
- casual plasma glucose > 200 mg/dL
or
- two hour postload glucose > 200 mg/dL
or
- hemoglobin A1C > 6.5%
complications of type 2 diabetes - ANSWERSHHS
retinopathy
nephropathy
neuropathy
rapid acting insulin - ANSWERSlispro, aspart, glulisine
, ONSET: 5-30 minutes
PEAK: 30-90 minutes
DURATION: 3-5 hr
indication for rapid acting insulin - ANSWERSrapid reduction of glucose level
treat postprandial hyperglycemia
prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia
short acting insulin - ANSWERSregular
ONSET: 30-60 minutes
PEAK: 2-3 hr
DURATION: 4-6 hr
indications for short acting insulin - ANSWERSgiven 15 minutes before meals to
prevent hyperglycemia
(can be given in combination with longer-acting insulin)
intermediate acting insulin - ANSWERSNPH
ONSET: 1-1.5 hr
PEAK: 4-12 hr
DURATION: up to 24 hr
*eat a snack at time of peak and onset
long acting insulin - ANSWERSglargine detemir
ONSET: 3-6 hr
PEAK: continuous
DURATION: 24 hr
indications for long acting insulin - ANSWERSused for basal dose
given once a day
rapid & short acting insulin - ANSWERSexpected to cover the increase in glucose levels
after meals, immediately after injection is given
type 1 diabetes - ANSWERScharacterized by a destruction of pancreatic beta cells;
these patients no longer have the ability to produce insulin
- typically diagnosed before age 30
diabetic ketoacidosis - ANSWERSacidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone
bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar
manifestations:
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- N/V
- fatigue
- fruity breath
- blurry vision
- Kussmaul's respirations
type 2 diabetes - ANSWERScommon in those over 30 with obesity
typically stems from insulin resistance
typical symptoms of type 2 diabetes - ANSWERSfatigue
irritability
polyuria
polydipsia
poor wound healing
vaginal infections
blurred vision
prevention for type 2 diabetes - ANSWERSappropriate lifestyle changes
criteria for type 2 diabetes diagnosis - ANSWERSevidence of symptoms plus:
- casual plasma glucose > 200 mg/dL
or
- two hour postload glucose > 200 mg/dL
or
- hemoglobin A1C > 6.5%
complications of type 2 diabetes - ANSWERSHHS
retinopathy
nephropathy
neuropathy
rapid acting insulin - ANSWERSlispro, aspart, glulisine
, ONSET: 5-30 minutes
PEAK: 30-90 minutes
DURATION: 3-5 hr
indication for rapid acting insulin - ANSWERSrapid reduction of glucose level
treat postprandial hyperglycemia
prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia
short acting insulin - ANSWERSregular
ONSET: 30-60 minutes
PEAK: 2-3 hr
DURATION: 4-6 hr
indications for short acting insulin - ANSWERSgiven 15 minutes before meals to
prevent hyperglycemia
(can be given in combination with longer-acting insulin)
intermediate acting insulin - ANSWERSNPH
ONSET: 1-1.5 hr
PEAK: 4-12 hr
DURATION: up to 24 hr
*eat a snack at time of peak and onset
long acting insulin - ANSWERSglargine detemir
ONSET: 3-6 hr
PEAK: continuous
DURATION: 24 hr
indications for long acting insulin - ANSWERSused for basal dose
given once a day
rapid & short acting insulin - ANSWERSexpected to cover the increase in glucose levels
after meals, immediately after injection is given
