MOSBY: (NBDHE) Anatomic Sciences - Exam Tested Questions With Revised Correct Detailed Answers & Rationales Latest Update

MOSBY: (NBDHE) Anatomic Sciences - Exam Tested Questions With Revised Correct Detailed Answers & Rationales Latest Update 1. Which paired muscle covers most of the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible? A Temporalis B Masseter C Lateral pterygoid D Medial pterygoid - ANSWER The masseter (B) muscle is located on the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible. The temporalis (A) muscle is a large, fan-shaped muscle attached to the coronoid process of the mandible. The lateral pterygoid(C) has two heads and lies superiorly to the medial pterygoid. The medial pterygoid (D) inserts on the medial surface of the mandibular ramus. All these muscles are muscles of mastication. 2. During periodontal surgery, a fenestration is exposed on tooth #6. A fenestration is a defect of which type of bone? A Compact B Cancellous C Interdental D Interradicular - ANSWER A fenestration is an opening or window in the solid plate of compact (A) cortical bone on the facial surface over the root of a tooth. Cancellous(B) bone is located between the alveolar bone proper and the plates of cortical bone. The interdental septum (C) is bone located between the roots of adjacent teeth. Interradicular (D) bone is located between the roots of the same tooth. 3. The fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the outside of bone is called the A endosteum. B periosteum. C hyaline cartilage. D articular cartilage. - ANSWER Periosteum (B) is the fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the outside of bone except at the articular surfaces. Endosteum (A) is the connective tissue membrane lining the marrow cavity of the bone. Hyaline cartilage (C) is a flexible and slightly elastic cartilage found in joints, costal cartilages, the nasal septum, the larynx, and the trachea. Articular cartilage (D) is specialized, thin, smooth hyaline cartilage found on the joint surfaces of bones, for example, in a synovial joint. 4. What is the purpose of the synovial membrane in a synovial joint? A Secrete fluid into the joint cavity B Surround the joint like a fibrous sleeve C Innervate the muscles that move the joint D Convey a sense of position and movement - ANSWER The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid (A), which lubricates the synovial joint. The capsular ligament surrounds the joint like a fibrous sleeve (B). The sensory nerve endings innervate the muscles that move the joint (C). Proprioceptive nerve endings convey a sense of position and movement (D). 5. Which component of a nerve conducts impulses toward the cell body? A Axon B Soma C Neuron D Dendrite - ANSWER Dendrites (D) are branching cellular extensions of a nerve that conduct impulses toward the cell. An axon (A) is a cellular extension of a nerve that conducts impulses away from the cell. The soma (B) is the body of the cell containing the nucleus. A neuron (C) is the basic functional unit of the nervous system. 6. Which spinal vertebrae fuse together to form a triangular mass? A Sacral B Lumbar C Cervical D Thoracic - ANSWER The sacral (A) vertebrae of the spinal cord fuse together to form a triangular mass, called the sacrum. The lumbar (B) region comprises the five large vertebrae located between the thoracic and sacral regions. The cervical (C) region comprises the seven vertebrae located between the base of the neck and the thoracic region. The thoracic (D) region comprises the 12 vertebrae between the cervical and lumbar regions. 7. The ophthalmic nerve is the first division of the fifth cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve. The maxillary nerve is the second division of the trigeminal nerve. A Both statements are true. B Both statements are false. C The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. D The first statement is false, and the second statement is true. - ANSWER Both statements are true (A). Cranial nerve V is the trigeminal nerve, of which the ophthalmic nerve is the first division (V1) and the maxillary nerve is the second division (V2). The third division of the trigeminal nerve (V3) is the mandibular nerve. Choices B, C, and D do not accurately reflect the statements. 8. Which injections technique would be used to achieve anesthesia of teeth #15 and #16? A Nasopalatine block B Anterosuperior alveolar block C Middle superior alveolar block D Posterosuperior alveolar block - ANSWER The posterosuperior alveolar block (D) anesthetizes the mesiobuccal root of the first maxillary molar and the second and third maxillary molars. The nasopalatine block (A) anesthetizes the premaxillary area of the palate and the anterior maxillary teeth. The anterosuperior alveolar block (B) anesthetizes the gingiva and the anterior maxillary teeth. The middle superior alveolar block (C) anesthetizes the premolars and the mesiobuccal root of the first maxillary molar.