Bio 150 Exam 3 Question and answers
correctly solved (38 pgs )
What are the types of cell division? - correct answer ✔mitosis and meiosis
What is the reason for cell division? - correct answer ✔to maintain a
physiologically appropriate region of surface area to cellular volume
What is a kinase? - correct answer ✔An enzyme that transfers phosphate
groups from ATP to a protein, thus phosphorylating the protein.
What is the G1 phase? - correct answer ✔The 1st gap, or growth phase, of
the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis
begins.
What is the G2 phase? - correct answer ✔The second gap, or growth phase,
of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis
occurs.
What is the S phase? - correct answer ✔The synthesis phase of the cell
cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
What is semi-conservative replication? - correct answer ✔Type of DNA
replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand,
derived from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand.
What is the difference between a chromatid and a chromosome? - correct
answer ✔A chromatid is one copy of a duplicated chromosome, which is
generally joined to the other copy by a single centromere. A chromosome is a
,cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic
cells.
What are homologous chromosomes? - correct answer ✔A pair of
chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
that possess genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci. One
homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other
from the mother. Also called homologs, or a homologous pair.
What is the difference between a centromere and a kinetochore? - correct
answer ✔In a duplicated chromosome, the centromere is the region on each
sister chromatid where they are most closely attached to each other.
The kinetochore is a structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links
each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle.
What is a telomere? - correct answer ✔The repetitive DNA at the end of a
eukaryotic chromosome's DNA molecule. Telomeres protect the organism's
genes from being eroded during successive rounds of replication.
What is karyokinesis? - correct answer ✔the series of active changes that
take place in the nucleus of a living cell in the process of division
What is a ploidy? - correct answer ✔a set of chromosomes
What is a diploid? - correct answer ✔two sets of chromosomes, regular
(mitotic, somatic) cells
What is a haploid? - correct answer ✔one set, half from 2 different parent
cells; gamete (meiotic) cells
,What is polyploidy? - correct answer ✔A chromosomal alteration in which the
organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the
result of an accident of cell division.
What is aneuploidy? - correct answer ✔A chromosomal aberration in which
one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in
number.
What is cytokinesis? - correct answer ✔The division of the cytoplasm to form
two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II.
How does cytokinesis differ in plants vs animals? - correct answer
✔Because a plant cells are surrounded by the rigid cell wall, it cannot use
microfilaments to go through cytokinesis. Instead, it builds a cell plate in the
middle of the cell to represent the division. An animal cell does not have this
rigid structure, so it forms a cleavage furrow by pinching the cell in the middle
with microfilaments. This will successfully divide the cell into two.
What is nondisjunction? - correct answer ✔An error in meiosis or mitosis in
which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister
chromatids fail to separate properly from each other.
What is a karyotype? - correct answer ✔A display of the chromosome pairs
of a cell arranged by size and shape.
What is dosage compensation? - correct answer ✔Dosage compensation is
a hypothetical genetic regulatory mechanism which operates to equalize the
phenotypic expression of characteristics determined by genes on the X
chromosome so that they are equally expressed in the human XY male and
the XX female.
, What is a polygenic trait and give an example?
***Involves the expression from three genes with different loci. With in the
population the phenotypes span a gradient of color. EX- skin color
What is an example of epistasis? - correct answer ✔Coat color in labrador
retrievers (Chin size, chin shape, cleft chin for virtual child, or eye color)
The "s" Phase in the cell cycle can be simply put as the? - correct answer
✔Replication of DNA
What are the two parts of the "M" Phase of the cell cycle? - correct answer
✔The partitioning of replicated chromosomes (or karyokinesis) to what will
become the new daughter cells and...
Partitioning of the cytoplasm contents (cytokinesis). (Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis).
what does G2 do? - correct answer ✔Prepares the cell to undergo actual cell
division
What does G1 do? - correct answer ✔Prepares the cell for the replication of
DNA to follow in the S phase
What type of division is it when the partitioning of chromatids is equal? -
correct answer ✔Mitosis
Explain mitosis? - correct answer ✔Cell division type involved in asexual
reproduction, and maintenance of cell type and function. DNA is replicated
and then distributed equally among the two daughter cells in somatic (body)
cells.
correctly solved (38 pgs )
What are the types of cell division? - correct answer ✔mitosis and meiosis
What is the reason for cell division? - correct answer ✔to maintain a
physiologically appropriate region of surface area to cellular volume
What is a kinase? - correct answer ✔An enzyme that transfers phosphate
groups from ATP to a protein, thus phosphorylating the protein.
What is the G1 phase? - correct answer ✔The 1st gap, or growth phase, of
the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis
begins.
What is the G2 phase? - correct answer ✔The second gap, or growth phase,
of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis
occurs.
What is the S phase? - correct answer ✔The synthesis phase of the cell
cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
What is semi-conservative replication? - correct answer ✔Type of DNA
replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand,
derived from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand.
What is the difference between a chromatid and a chromosome? - correct
answer ✔A chromatid is one copy of a duplicated chromosome, which is
generally joined to the other copy by a single centromere. A chromosome is a
,cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic
cells.
What are homologous chromosomes? - correct answer ✔A pair of
chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern
that possess genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci. One
homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other
from the mother. Also called homologs, or a homologous pair.
What is the difference between a centromere and a kinetochore? - correct
answer ✔In a duplicated chromosome, the centromere is the region on each
sister chromatid where they are most closely attached to each other.
The kinetochore is a structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links
each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle.
What is a telomere? - correct answer ✔The repetitive DNA at the end of a
eukaryotic chromosome's DNA molecule. Telomeres protect the organism's
genes from being eroded during successive rounds of replication.
What is karyokinesis? - correct answer ✔the series of active changes that
take place in the nucleus of a living cell in the process of division
What is a ploidy? - correct answer ✔a set of chromosomes
What is a diploid? - correct answer ✔two sets of chromosomes, regular
(mitotic, somatic) cells
What is a haploid? - correct answer ✔one set, half from 2 different parent
cells; gamete (meiotic) cells
,What is polyploidy? - correct answer ✔A chromosomal alteration in which the
organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the
result of an accident of cell division.
What is aneuploidy? - correct answer ✔A chromosomal aberration in which
one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in
number.
What is cytokinesis? - correct answer ✔The division of the cytoplasm to form
two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II.
How does cytokinesis differ in plants vs animals? - correct answer
✔Because a plant cells are surrounded by the rigid cell wall, it cannot use
microfilaments to go through cytokinesis. Instead, it builds a cell plate in the
middle of the cell to represent the division. An animal cell does not have this
rigid structure, so it forms a cleavage furrow by pinching the cell in the middle
with microfilaments. This will successfully divide the cell into two.
What is nondisjunction? - correct answer ✔An error in meiosis or mitosis in
which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister
chromatids fail to separate properly from each other.
What is a karyotype? - correct answer ✔A display of the chromosome pairs
of a cell arranged by size and shape.
What is dosage compensation? - correct answer ✔Dosage compensation is
a hypothetical genetic regulatory mechanism which operates to equalize the
phenotypic expression of characteristics determined by genes on the X
chromosome so that they are equally expressed in the human XY male and
the XX female.
, What is a polygenic trait and give an example?
***Involves the expression from three genes with different loci. With in the
population the phenotypes span a gradient of color. EX- skin color
What is an example of epistasis? - correct answer ✔Coat color in labrador
retrievers (Chin size, chin shape, cleft chin for virtual child, or eye color)
The "s" Phase in the cell cycle can be simply put as the? - correct answer
✔Replication of DNA
What are the two parts of the "M" Phase of the cell cycle? - correct answer
✔The partitioning of replicated chromosomes (or karyokinesis) to what will
become the new daughter cells and...
Partitioning of the cytoplasm contents (cytokinesis). (Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis).
what does G2 do? - correct answer ✔Prepares the cell to undergo actual cell
division
What does G1 do? - correct answer ✔Prepares the cell for the replication of
DNA to follow in the S phase
What type of division is it when the partitioning of chromatids is equal? -
correct answer ✔Mitosis
Explain mitosis? - correct answer ✔Cell division type involved in asexual
reproduction, and maintenance of cell type and function. DNA is replicated
and then distributed equally among the two daughter cells in somatic (body)
cells.
