NURS 6111 Exam 1 questions and
correct answers graded A+
Na normal lab value - correct answer ✔✔135-145
K normal lab value - correct answer ✔✔3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value - correct answer ✔✔1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value - correct answer ✔✔8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K - correct answer ✔✔excessive thirst, increased urination, muscle
cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg - correct answer ✔✔muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, abnormal
heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by - correct answer ✔✔converting a strong acid or base
to a weak one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions - correct answer ✔✔Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated
reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks healthy RBC thinking
they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and cause tissue damage ,
ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not involve antibodies, ex
contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
, Prematurity - correct answer ✔✔baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age, multiple
pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical findings of
premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) - correct answer ✔✔babies born before 28 weeks, caused by lack of
surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) - correct answer ✔✔babies born before 32 weeks, caused by damage and
inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen. Risk factors:
low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) - correct answer ✔✔common between 1-4 months of age, most
frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in boys more
often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of
chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The degree of
mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with Prader-Willi syndrome can be
rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in
low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities, problem
behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects the heart,
immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad: conotruncal cardiac
anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip, hearing loss, learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody - correct answer ✔✔inhibit the passage of alien substances that attempt to
enter the circulatory system. mucosal immunity
function of IgE antibody - correct answer ✔✔protect against parasitic invasions and supervise allergic
reactions
Function of IgG antibody - correct answer ✔✔-Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life
correct answers graded A+
Na normal lab value - correct answer ✔✔135-145
K normal lab value - correct answer ✔✔3.5-5.0
Mg normal lab value - correct answer ✔✔1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Calcium normal lab value - correct answer ✔✔8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Abnormal signs and symptoms of K - correct answer ✔✔excessive thirst, increased urination, muscle
cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg - correct answer ✔✔muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, abnormal
heart rhythm, numbness/tingling, mental symptoms, insomnia
Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by - correct answer ✔✔converting a strong acid or base
to a weak one
Types of hypersensitivity reactions - correct answer ✔✔Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated
reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks healthy RBC thinking
they are foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and cause tissue damage ,
ex is rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not involve antibodies, ex
contact sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
, Prematurity - correct answer ✔✔baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age, multiple
pregnancies, uterine or cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical findings of
premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice, feeding difficulties
RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) - correct answer ✔✔babies born before 28 weeks, caused by lack of
surfactant, characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis) - correct answer ✔✔babies born before 32 weeks, caused by damage and
inflammation to intestinal tissues, characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen. Risk factors:
low birth weight, formula feedings
SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome) - correct answer ✔✔common between 1-4 months of age, most
frequent death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in boys more
often than girls
Prader-Willi Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of
chromosomes. Usually inherited from the father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The degree of
mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range. Students with Prader-Willi syndrome can be
rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to sudden changes in their routine. It can also result in
low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development, cognitive disabilities, problem
behaviors, and a chronic feeling of hunger that can lead to excessive eating and life-threatening obesity.
DiGeorge Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔caused by missing piece of chromosome 22, affects the heart,
immune system, parathyroid glands, can be inherited from parents, DGS triad: conotruncal cardiac
anomalies, hypoplastic thymus, and hypocalcemia. can cause cleft lip, hearing loss, learning difficulties
Function of IgA antibody - correct answer ✔✔inhibit the passage of alien substances that attempt to
enter the circulatory system. mucosal immunity
function of IgE antibody - correct answer ✔✔protect against parasitic invasions and supervise allergic
reactions
Function of IgG antibody - correct answer ✔✔-Long-term immunity
-protection of newborns during the first 6 months of life
