©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
BMD 321 Test 1 Questions With Correct
Answer
E. coli in elephants. What is meant by the phrase unity of biochemistry? What are the
implications of the unity of bio chemistry? - answer✔All organisms are in this example E. coli in
elephants are remarkably similar at the molecular level and can be traced back to possible
similar ancestors
Describe the structural differences between DNA and RNA - answer✔It is double stranded, and
its sugar is deoxyribose and has the base thymine. RNA is usually single-stranded and it sugar is
ribose and uses uracil
Differentiate between proteins and glycogen in regard to their polymeric structure -
answer✔Proteins are linear polymers composed from 20 different amino acids. Glycogen is a
branched polymer composed of only glucose.
Defined the central dogma of biology - answer✔Describes the fundamental information flow in
biological systems. DNA is replicated to form new DNA which is transcribed into RNA and then
the RNA is translated into proteins.
Define replication, transcription, and translation, in regard to the central dogma -
answer✔Replication is the generation of two daughter double helices from a single parent
double helix. The process is catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Transcription is the process of
copying DNA information into RNA and is catalyzed by RNA polymerase. Translation converts
the sequence information of RNA into proteins and takes place on ribosomes.
What is an enzyme? - answer✔Is usually a protein catalyst, although some types of RNA also
function as catalysts these catalyst, enhance the rate of chemical reaction without them
something permanently altered
Differentiate between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells - answer✔Eukaryotic cells contain a
nucleus and a complex of membrane-bounded internal structures called organelles. Prokaryotic
cells do not have a nucleus and lack the complex internal organization of eukaryotic cells.
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11/16/2024 10:16 AM
What is an organelle? - answer✔Any of the number of membrane bounded structures inside
eukaryotic cells
Which organelles are surrounded by two membranes - answer✔Mitochondria, chloroplasts,
and nuclei.
How does the nuclear membrane different from other membranes? - answer✔Nuclear
membrane is not continuous. It is a set of close membranes that come together at pores
12) Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
1- location of most of the cells, DNA
2-site of fuel oxidation
3-separates the inside of a cell from the outside
4-carries important bio chemicals into the cell
A-endosome
B-plasma membrane
C-nucleus
D-mitochondria - answer✔1-C
2-D
3-B
4-A
Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
5-membrane with ribosomes attached
6-site of photosynthesis
7-contains digestive enzyme
8-destined for fusion with the plasma membrane
A-rough endoplasmic recticulum
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11/16/2024 10:16 AM
B-chloroplast
C-lysosome
D-secretory granules - answer✔5-A
6-B
7-C
8-D
Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
9-common form of cytoplasmic membrane
10-site of carbohydrate addition to proteins
11-facilitate communication between the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the golgi complex
12-processes exogenous chemicals
A-smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B-golgi complex
C-endoplasmic reticulum
D-transport vesicles - answer✔9-C
10-B
11-D
12-A
Water is said to be polar but uncharged. How is that possible? - answer✔Water is polar, and
that the hydrogen atoms bear a partial positive charge, and the oxygen has a partial negative
charge, owing to the electronegative nature of the oxygen atom
Why are weak bonds important in biochemistry? - answer✔Many weak bonds allow for highly
specific yet transient interactions.
What common types of weak bonds are important in biochemistry? How does water affect
these bonds? - answer✔Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. Water
disrupts ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. Because van der Waals interactions are most
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11/16/2024 10:16 AM
BMD 321 Test 1 Questions With Correct
Answer
E. coli in elephants. What is meant by the phrase unity of biochemistry? What are the
implications of the unity of bio chemistry? - answer✔All organisms are in this example E. coli in
elephants are remarkably similar at the molecular level and can be traced back to possible
similar ancestors
Describe the structural differences between DNA and RNA - answer✔It is double stranded, and
its sugar is deoxyribose and has the base thymine. RNA is usually single-stranded and it sugar is
ribose and uses uracil
Differentiate between proteins and glycogen in regard to their polymeric structure -
answer✔Proteins are linear polymers composed from 20 different amino acids. Glycogen is a
branched polymer composed of only glucose.
Defined the central dogma of biology - answer✔Describes the fundamental information flow in
biological systems. DNA is replicated to form new DNA which is transcribed into RNA and then
the RNA is translated into proteins.
Define replication, transcription, and translation, in regard to the central dogma -
answer✔Replication is the generation of two daughter double helices from a single parent
double helix. The process is catalyzed by DNA polymerase. Transcription is the process of
copying DNA information into RNA and is catalyzed by RNA polymerase. Translation converts
the sequence information of RNA into proteins and takes place on ribosomes.
What is an enzyme? - answer✔Is usually a protein catalyst, although some types of RNA also
function as catalysts these catalyst, enhance the rate of chemical reaction without them
something permanently altered
Differentiate between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells - answer✔Eukaryotic cells contain a
nucleus and a complex of membrane-bounded internal structures called organelles. Prokaryotic
cells do not have a nucleus and lack the complex internal organization of eukaryotic cells.
1|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
What is an organelle? - answer✔Any of the number of membrane bounded structures inside
eukaryotic cells
Which organelles are surrounded by two membranes - answer✔Mitochondria, chloroplasts,
and nuclei.
How does the nuclear membrane different from other membranes? - answer✔Nuclear
membrane is not continuous. It is a set of close membranes that come together at pores
12) Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
1- location of most of the cells, DNA
2-site of fuel oxidation
3-separates the inside of a cell from the outside
4-carries important bio chemicals into the cell
A-endosome
B-plasma membrane
C-nucleus
D-mitochondria - answer✔1-C
2-D
3-B
4-A
Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
5-membrane with ribosomes attached
6-site of photosynthesis
7-contains digestive enzyme
8-destined for fusion with the plasma membrane
A-rough endoplasmic recticulum
2|Page
, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
11/16/2024 10:16 AM
B-chloroplast
C-lysosome
D-secretory granules - answer✔5-A
6-B
7-C
8-D
Match the function with the appropriate organelle in the column
9-common form of cytoplasmic membrane
10-site of carbohydrate addition to proteins
11-facilitate communication between the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the golgi complex
12-processes exogenous chemicals
A-smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B-golgi complex
C-endoplasmic reticulum
D-transport vesicles - answer✔9-C
10-B
11-D
12-A
Water is said to be polar but uncharged. How is that possible? - answer✔Water is polar, and
that the hydrogen atoms bear a partial positive charge, and the oxygen has a partial negative
charge, owing to the electronegative nature of the oxygen atom
Why are weak bonds important in biochemistry? - answer✔Many weak bonds allow for highly
specific yet transient interactions.
What common types of weak bonds are important in biochemistry? How does water affect
these bonds? - answer✔Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals interactions. Water
disrupts ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds. Because van der Waals interactions are most
3|Page
