ADVANCED NURSE PRACTICE IN REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH CARE NRNP 6552 MIDTERM EXAM / NRNP
6552 MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM 2024
REAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) A NEW UPDATED
VERSION (FULL REVISED EXAM) NRNP 6552 MIDTERM
Levels of prevention: Primary - ANSWER: Prevents the disease or condition from
occurring.
measures that come before the onset of illness or injury and before the disease
process begins.
Examples include immunization and taking regular exercise to prevent health
problems developing in the future.
Levels of prevention: Secondary - ANSWER: Screening asymptomatic individuals for
disease to detect it early, and with early intervention achieve a better outcome than
with later detection and treatment.
For example, a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is a form of secondary prevention aimed to
diagnose cervical cancer in its subclinical state before progression.
Levels of prevention: Tertiary - ANSWER: Implemented after a disease or condition is
evident and are carried out to limiting further harm and disability.
cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs, chronic disease management programs
(e.g. for diabetes, arthritis, depression, etc.)
support groups that allow members to share strategies for living well.
Levels of prevention: Primordial - ANSWER: More along the lines of impacting the
community
Example: Truth.com with the aim at the community for no smoking.
Theory - ANSWER: Supposition or system of ideas intended to explain something,
especially on general principals independent of the thing to be explained.
No right or wrong theory for health promotion.
Theory should match the individual or community
,Social ecological model (SEM): - ANSWER: It is derived from social ecology. It believes
that people cannot act in isolation and that we are influenced by our beliefs and
society (internal and external factors). It is multi factorial and has five levels.
1. Intrapersonal level
2. Interpersonal level
3. Organization
4. Community
5. Policy
Health belief model (HBM) - ANSWER: psychological health behavior change model
developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, particularly in regard to
the uptake of health services. The constructs of this model are perceived
susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to actions, and self-
efficacy.
Theory designed to exclusively predict health behaviors based on the constructs of
perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived costs, cues
to action, and self- efficacy
The trans-theoretical model (TTM): - ANSWER: Individuals move through six stages
of change; it is a process of change. These stages are:
1.Precontemplation: Not ready for change yet.
2.Contemplation: Getting ready for change
3. Preparation: Ready for change
4. Action: Changing
5. Maintenance: Action sustained for at least six months to prevent relapse.
6. Relapse
Describes phases that people go through andmechanisms that people use when they
adopt/modify/eliminate health behaviors
Social cognitive theory (SCT) - ANSWER: explores how a person's goals, expectations
and self-efficacy are shaped by the social context in which they live. Main conditions
that affect health behavioral change are personal goals, positive outcomes, and self-
efficacy or collective efficacy. How to encourage changes are to facilitate change by
providing resources or tools and observational learning by role modeling the change,
incentive motivation, and self-regulation.
attempts to explains what underlies human behaviour, and how human behaviour
change can be brought about.
Which change represents the primary impetus for the end of the era of the female
lay healer?
1. Perception of health promotion as an obligation
2. Development of a clinical nurse specialist position statement
3. Foundation of the American Association of Nurse-Midwives
, 4. Emergence of a medical establishment - ANSWER: 4. This is correct. The
emergence of a male medical establishment represents the primary impetus for the
end of the era of the female lay healer. Whereas lay healers viewed their role as
being a function of their community obligations, the emerging medical
establishment viewed healing as a commodity. The era of the female lay healer
began and ended in the 19th century. The American Association of Nurse-Midwives
(AANM) was founded in 1928. The American Nurses Association (ANA) position
statement on educational requirements for the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) was
developed in 1965; the ANA's position statement on the role of the CNS was issued
in 1976.
The beginning of modern nursing is traditionally considered to have begun with
which event?
1. Establishment of the first school of nursing
2. Incorporation of midwifery by the lay healer
3. Establishment of the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS)
4. Creation of the American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM) - ANSWER: 1.
This is correct. Traditionally, modern nursing is considered to have begun in 1873,
when the first three U.S. training schools for nurses opened. The role of the lay
healer as a midwife is documented to have occurred in the 19th century, before the
establishment of schools of nursing. The Frontier Nursing Service (FNS), which
provided nurse-midwifery services, was established in 1925. In 1928, the Kentucky
State Association of Midwives, which was an outgrowth of the FNS, became the
American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM).
3. In 1910, which factors most significantly influenced the midwifery profession?
Select all that apply.
1. Strict licensing requirements
2. Negative public perception
3. Dedicated funding for training
4. Poor maternal-child outcomes
5. Mandatory professional supervision - ANSWER: 2, 4. This is correct. In 1910, the
midwifery profession was significantly influenced by poor maternal-child outcomes
and a public perception as unprofessional. At that time, approximately 50% of all
U.S. births were reportedly attended by
midwives. However, especially with regard to perinatal health indicators, the
national population's general health was poor. Unfavorable outcomes among both
mothers and infants were attributed to midwives who, at that time, were largely
unregulated and generally perceived as unprofessional. Poor maternal- child
outcomes, negative perceptions of midwives, obstetricians' targeted efforts to take
control of the birthing process, and a movement away from home births prompted
major changes. Legislation was passed to tighten requirements related to licensing
and supervision of midwives. One aim of the Sheppard-Towner Maternity and
Infancy Act involved allotting funds to train public health nurses in midwifery;
however, the bill lapsed in 1929.
HEALTH CARE NRNP 6552 MIDTERM EXAM / NRNP
6552 MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM 2024
REAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) A NEW UPDATED
VERSION (FULL REVISED EXAM) NRNP 6552 MIDTERM
Levels of prevention: Primary - ANSWER: Prevents the disease or condition from
occurring.
measures that come before the onset of illness or injury and before the disease
process begins.
Examples include immunization and taking regular exercise to prevent health
problems developing in the future.
Levels of prevention: Secondary - ANSWER: Screening asymptomatic individuals for
disease to detect it early, and with early intervention achieve a better outcome than
with later detection and treatment.
For example, a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is a form of secondary prevention aimed to
diagnose cervical cancer in its subclinical state before progression.
Levels of prevention: Tertiary - ANSWER: Implemented after a disease or condition is
evident and are carried out to limiting further harm and disability.
cardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs, chronic disease management programs
(e.g. for diabetes, arthritis, depression, etc.)
support groups that allow members to share strategies for living well.
Levels of prevention: Primordial - ANSWER: More along the lines of impacting the
community
Example: Truth.com with the aim at the community for no smoking.
Theory - ANSWER: Supposition or system of ideas intended to explain something,
especially on general principals independent of the thing to be explained.
No right or wrong theory for health promotion.
Theory should match the individual or community
,Social ecological model (SEM): - ANSWER: It is derived from social ecology. It believes
that people cannot act in isolation and that we are influenced by our beliefs and
society (internal and external factors). It is multi factorial and has five levels.
1. Intrapersonal level
2. Interpersonal level
3. Organization
4. Community
5. Policy
Health belief model (HBM) - ANSWER: psychological health behavior change model
developed to explain and predict health-related behaviors, particularly in regard to
the uptake of health services. The constructs of this model are perceived
susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cue to actions, and self-
efficacy.
Theory designed to exclusively predict health behaviors based on the constructs of
perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived costs, cues
to action, and self- efficacy
The trans-theoretical model (TTM): - ANSWER: Individuals move through six stages
of change; it is a process of change. These stages are:
1.Precontemplation: Not ready for change yet.
2.Contemplation: Getting ready for change
3. Preparation: Ready for change
4. Action: Changing
5. Maintenance: Action sustained for at least six months to prevent relapse.
6. Relapse
Describes phases that people go through andmechanisms that people use when they
adopt/modify/eliminate health behaviors
Social cognitive theory (SCT) - ANSWER: explores how a person's goals, expectations
and self-efficacy are shaped by the social context in which they live. Main conditions
that affect health behavioral change are personal goals, positive outcomes, and self-
efficacy or collective efficacy. How to encourage changes are to facilitate change by
providing resources or tools and observational learning by role modeling the change,
incentive motivation, and self-regulation.
attempts to explains what underlies human behaviour, and how human behaviour
change can be brought about.
Which change represents the primary impetus for the end of the era of the female
lay healer?
1. Perception of health promotion as an obligation
2. Development of a clinical nurse specialist position statement
3. Foundation of the American Association of Nurse-Midwives
, 4. Emergence of a medical establishment - ANSWER: 4. This is correct. The
emergence of a male medical establishment represents the primary impetus for the
end of the era of the female lay healer. Whereas lay healers viewed their role as
being a function of their community obligations, the emerging medical
establishment viewed healing as a commodity. The era of the female lay healer
began and ended in the 19th century. The American Association of Nurse-Midwives
(AANM) was founded in 1928. The American Nurses Association (ANA) position
statement on educational requirements for the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) was
developed in 1965; the ANA's position statement on the role of the CNS was issued
in 1976.
The beginning of modern nursing is traditionally considered to have begun with
which event?
1. Establishment of the first school of nursing
2. Incorporation of midwifery by the lay healer
3. Establishment of the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS)
4. Creation of the American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM) - ANSWER: 1.
This is correct. Traditionally, modern nursing is considered to have begun in 1873,
when the first three U.S. training schools for nurses opened. The role of the lay
healer as a midwife is documented to have occurred in the 19th century, before the
establishment of schools of nursing. The Frontier Nursing Service (FNS), which
provided nurse-midwifery services, was established in 1925. In 1928, the Kentucky
State Association of Midwives, which was an outgrowth of the FNS, became the
American Association of Nurse-Midwives (AANM).
3. In 1910, which factors most significantly influenced the midwifery profession?
Select all that apply.
1. Strict licensing requirements
2. Negative public perception
3. Dedicated funding for training
4. Poor maternal-child outcomes
5. Mandatory professional supervision - ANSWER: 2, 4. This is correct. In 1910, the
midwifery profession was significantly influenced by poor maternal-child outcomes
and a public perception as unprofessional. At that time, approximately 50% of all
U.S. births were reportedly attended by
midwives. However, especially with regard to perinatal health indicators, the
national population's general health was poor. Unfavorable outcomes among both
mothers and infants were attributed to midwives who, at that time, were largely
unregulated and generally perceived as unprofessional. Poor maternal- child
outcomes, negative perceptions of midwives, obstetricians' targeted efforts to take
control of the birthing process, and a movement away from home births prompted
major changes. Legislation was passed to tighten requirements related to licensing
and supervision of midwives. One aim of the Sheppard-Towner Maternity and
Infancy Act involved allotting funds to train public health nurses in midwifery;
however, the bill lapsed in 1929.
