PSY 121 Exam 3 Review Practice Questions
Answered 2025
1: What is the definition of classical conditioning?--- correct answer ---
Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are
repeatedly paired: a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus
is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
2: Who is considered the father of classical conditioning?--- correct answer -
--
Ivan Pavlov is considered the father of classical conditioning due to his
experiments with dogs and the discovery of the conditioned reflex.
3: What is operant conditioning?--- correct answer ---
Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards
and punishments for behavior, where an individual makes an association
between a particular behavior and a consequence.
4: Who developed the theory of operant conditioning?--- correct answer ---
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning, emphasizing how
behavior is influenced by reinforcement and punishment.
5: What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?---
correct answer --- Positive reinforcement involves adding a favorable
,stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior, while negative
reinforcement involves removing an unfavorable stimulus to increase the
likelihood of a behavior.
6: What is a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?--- correct answer -
--
A fixed-ratio schedule is a reinforcement schedule that rewards a response
only after a specified number of responses, encouraging high rates of
responding.
7: What is a variable-ratio schedule?--- correct answer ---
A variable-ratio schedule is a reinforcement schedule that rewards an
unpredictable number of responses, leading to high and steady response
rates.
8: What is a fixed-interval schedule?--- correct answer ---
A fixed-interval schedule is a reinforcement schedule that rewards a
response only after a specified amount of time has elapsed, often resulting
in a scalloped pattern of behavior.
9: What is a variable-interval schedule?--- correct answer ---
, A variable-interval schedule is a reinforcement schedule that rewards a
response at unpredictable time intervals, leading to moderate and steady
response rates.
10: What is observational learning?--- correct answer ---
Observational learning is a type of learning that occurs by watching the
behaviors of others and the outcomes of those behaviors, also known as
modeling.
11: Who is associated with the concept of observational learning?--- correct
answer --- Albert Bandura is associated with the concept of observational
learning, particularly through his Bobo doll experiment.
12: What is the law of effect?--- correct answer ---
The law of effect, proposed by Edward Thorndike, states that behaviors
followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while
those followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated.
13: What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?---
correct answer ---
Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in a behavior because it is personally
rewarding, while extrinsic motivation involves performing a behavior to
earn a reward or avoid punishment.
Answered 2025
1: What is the definition of classical conditioning?--- correct answer ---
Classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are
repeatedly paired: a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus
is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
2: Who is considered the father of classical conditioning?--- correct answer -
--
Ivan Pavlov is considered the father of classical conditioning due to his
experiments with dogs and the discovery of the conditioned reflex.
3: What is operant conditioning?--- correct answer ---
Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards
and punishments for behavior, where an individual makes an association
between a particular behavior and a consequence.
4: Who developed the theory of operant conditioning?--- correct answer ---
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning, emphasizing how
behavior is influenced by reinforcement and punishment.
5: What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?---
correct answer --- Positive reinforcement involves adding a favorable
,stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior, while negative
reinforcement involves removing an unfavorable stimulus to increase the
likelihood of a behavior.
6: What is a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?--- correct answer -
--
A fixed-ratio schedule is a reinforcement schedule that rewards a response
only after a specified number of responses, encouraging high rates of
responding.
7: What is a variable-ratio schedule?--- correct answer ---
A variable-ratio schedule is a reinforcement schedule that rewards an
unpredictable number of responses, leading to high and steady response
rates.
8: What is a fixed-interval schedule?--- correct answer ---
A fixed-interval schedule is a reinforcement schedule that rewards a
response only after a specified amount of time has elapsed, often resulting
in a scalloped pattern of behavior.
9: What is a variable-interval schedule?--- correct answer ---
, A variable-interval schedule is a reinforcement schedule that rewards a
response at unpredictable time intervals, leading to moderate and steady
response rates.
10: What is observational learning?--- correct answer ---
Observational learning is a type of learning that occurs by watching the
behaviors of others and the outcomes of those behaviors, also known as
modeling.
11: Who is associated with the concept of observational learning?--- correct
answer --- Albert Bandura is associated with the concept of observational
learning, particularly through his Bobo doll experiment.
12: What is the law of effect?--- correct answer ---
The law of effect, proposed by Edward Thorndike, states that behaviors
followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while
those followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to be repeated.
13: What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?---
correct answer ---
Intrinsic motivation refers to engaging in a behavior because it is personally
rewarding, while extrinsic motivation involves performing a behavior to
earn a reward or avoid punishment.
