Btec Applied Science Unit One Biology
What is the function of the mitochondria? - ans--cellular respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes? - ans--protein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - ans--Synthesis and
transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - ans--Modified and packaged proteins into
vesicles for transport
What is the function of the lysosomes? - ans--Digests old cell material and waste
What is the function of the centrioles? - ans--Form into spindle fibres for cell division
What is the function of the chloroplasts? - ans--photosynthesis
What is the function of the tonoplasts? - ans--The membrane around the vacuole to
keep it together
What is the function of the vacuole? - ans--Maintain turgid pressure in the plant cell
What is the function of the plasmodestmata? - ans--To allow materials to pass through
the cell wall
What is the function of the amyloplasts? - ans--Starch synthesis and storage
Name three organelles which are only in plant cells - ans--Vacuole, chloroplasts, cell
wall
Define eukaryotic cells - ans--Are part of a multicellular organisms
Define prokaryotic cells - ans--Are unicellular organisms
Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - ans--Eukaryotic has
a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound organelles
while prokaryotic doesn't
What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? - ans--
Crystal violet and safranin
, Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? - ans--Gram
negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they appear
safranin pink. Gram positive appears purple
Describe the key features of a sperm cell? - ans--Across one to penetrate the egg, tail
for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy
Describe the features of egg cells? - ans--Hormones to attract the speed, zona
pellucuda to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus
What is TEM? - ans--Transmission electron microscope
What is SEM? - ans--Scanning electron microscope
Compare TEM and SEM - ans--TEM produces images of thin slices of material whereas
SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified compared to the light
microscopes and require dead samples.
Describe how a light microscope works - ans--Light microscopes use visible light and
magnifying lenses to observe small objects
Describe how an electron microscope works - ans--They use a beam of electrons in a
vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen
Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes - ans--Positive - can observe
living structures
Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm)
Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes - ans--Positive - high
magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm)
Negative - destroys the sample
Magnification equation - ans--magnification = image size/actual size
Describe the key features of a palisade cell - ans--Found in leaves, they are rectangular
box shaped cells that contain chloroplasts. The chloroplasts can absorb light for
photosynthesis. Chloroplasts move around in the cytoplasm to maximise the amount of
light absorbed
Describe the key features of a root hair cell - ans--Found in a plants roots near the
growing tip. They have long hair like extensions called root hairs. They increase the
surface area of the cell to maximise the movement of water and minerals.
Describe the key features of a red blood cell (erythrocytes) - ans--Biconcave in shape
increases the surface area to volume ratio. They are flexible so that they can squeeze
What is the function of the mitochondria? - ans--cellular respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes? - ans--protein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? - ans--Synthesis and
transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - ans--Modified and packaged proteins into
vesicles for transport
What is the function of the lysosomes? - ans--Digests old cell material and waste
What is the function of the centrioles? - ans--Form into spindle fibres for cell division
What is the function of the chloroplasts? - ans--photosynthesis
What is the function of the tonoplasts? - ans--The membrane around the vacuole to
keep it together
What is the function of the vacuole? - ans--Maintain turgid pressure in the plant cell
What is the function of the plasmodestmata? - ans--To allow materials to pass through
the cell wall
What is the function of the amyloplasts? - ans--Starch synthesis and storage
Name three organelles which are only in plant cells - ans--Vacuole, chloroplasts, cell
wall
Define eukaryotic cells - ans--Are part of a multicellular organisms
Define prokaryotic cells - ans--Are unicellular organisms
Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - ans--Eukaryotic has
a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound organelles
while prokaryotic doesn't
What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? - ans--
Crystal violet and safranin
, Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? - ans--Gram
negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they appear
safranin pink. Gram positive appears purple
Describe the key features of a sperm cell? - ans--Across one to penetrate the egg, tail
for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy
Describe the features of egg cells? - ans--Hormones to attract the speed, zona
pellucuda to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus
What is TEM? - ans--Transmission electron microscope
What is SEM? - ans--Scanning electron microscope
Compare TEM and SEM - ans--TEM produces images of thin slices of material whereas
SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified compared to the light
microscopes and require dead samples.
Describe how a light microscope works - ans--Light microscopes use visible light and
magnifying lenses to observe small objects
Describe how an electron microscope works - ans--They use a beam of electrons in a
vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen
Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes - ans--Positive - can observe
living structures
Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm)
Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes - ans--Positive - high
magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm)
Negative - destroys the sample
Magnification equation - ans--magnification = image size/actual size
Describe the key features of a palisade cell - ans--Found in leaves, they are rectangular
box shaped cells that contain chloroplasts. The chloroplasts can absorb light for
photosynthesis. Chloroplasts move around in the cytoplasm to maximise the amount of
light absorbed
Describe the key features of a root hair cell - ans--Found in a plants roots near the
growing tip. They have long hair like extensions called root hairs. They increase the
surface area of the cell to maximise the movement of water and minerals.
Describe the key features of a red blood cell (erythrocytes) - ans--Biconcave in shape
increases the surface area to volume ratio. They are flexible so that they can squeeze
