Orientation and Mobility Exam Questions and Answers All Correct

Orientation and Mobility Exam Questions and Answers All Correct Orientation - Correct Answer the process of using the sense to establish one's position and relationship to other significant objects in the environment Mobility - Correct Answer the capacity or facility for safe, effective, and efficient movement through one's environment O&M Professional - Correct Answer -O&M instructor, O&M specialist, or COMS O&M Professional Studies - Correct Answer -grad school program -vision -the eye -low vision -psych of vision loss -environmental access -precane & cane methodologies COMS are certified by: - Correct Answer Academy for Certification of Vision Rehabilitation and Education Professionals (ACVREP) Who provides the credential? - Correct Answer National Blindness Professional Certification Board -NOMC COMS usually works: - Correct Answer one on one with student following a customized plan of instruction, with independence and safety as goals Why is O&M important? - Correct Answer -basic independence involves self-determined human locomotion -comfort and effectiveness of movement aids ADLs for individuals who are visually impaired and deaf-blind -restricted movement has negative physical and psychosocial impact When should O&M begin? - Correct Answer AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE -to effect long term outcomes -learning capacity is at its greatest at ages 0-6 -research shows birth to age 3 intervention improves learning for ages 3-5 T/F: Many young children continue to be denied O&M instruction despite educational regulations and laws. - Correct Answer True Persons with blindness or visual impairments should be referred for O&M services when he/she: - Correct Answer -has experienced a significant change in vision -needs to beome familiar with a new environment or route -when vision loss infringes on movement typical for the consumer -when seeking evaluation to learn a special mobility device, such as a dog guide or GPS Conceptual prerequisites O&M foundations are built upon: - Correct Answer -spatial relationships: self and objects -having names for body parts -understanding and using left and right and cardinal (compass) directions T/F: O&M is an interdisciplinary approach that has the potential to be over-emphasized. - Correct Answer False T/F: Simply because a prerequisite skill or capacity is not yet present should not prevent O&M-related programming from taking place. - Correct Answer True T/F: O&M cannot prepare customized lessons and tools that match a child's developmental readiness. - Correct Answer False Understanding one's ability to manipulate the environment can be taught through: - Correct Answer -fun play activities that motivate young learners What is an O&M assessment? - Correct Answer -comprehensive -foundation for creating an appropriate and effective individualized curriculum for children, youth, and adults -specialist begins by reviewing the medical and educational history of the child Results of the Assessment Address - Correct Answer -movement and safety -awareness of: ~position in space ~body and environmental concepts ~visual and auditory functioning Formal Reports Should Include: - Correct Answer -strengths and challenges -clinical measurements -achievable short-term and long term goals O&M Services - Correct Answer -evaluation of O&M needs and skills -basic sighted guide -self protective techniques -how to properly solicit assistance during travel -public transportation use -orientation to school campus, routes or job sites -residential and business travel skills -indoor/outdoor cane skills -street crossing -route travel -use of landmarks and clues -route planning and travel -map reading skills -use of compass directions -environmental assessments Evaluation for Specialized Skills - Correct Answer -use of long cane and if needed a support cane -evaluation or preparation for dog guide school -orientation for dog guide users -evaluation and use of monocular telescopes -rural travel skills -provide evaluation and training on GPS O&M Curriculum Progression - Correct Answer -begins with simple indoor travel -progresses to more intricate tasks that include outdoor independent travel in complex and challenging settings Formal O&M curriculum begins with - Correct Answer -effectively using a human guide -strategies to protect one's head and upper body -effectively trailing walls indoors Tools used for gaining orientation - Correct Answer -landmarks -clues -cues Landmark - Correct Answer any familiar object, sound, odor, temperature or tactual clue that is easily recognized, is constant, and that has a known permanent location in the environment Landmark Example - Correct Answer -fountain in 5 pts -the generator on top of the VA Landmarks are used to: - Correct Answer -establish and maintain directional orientation -act as a reference point -establish and maintain distance relationships -locate specific objectives -orient or reorient oneself to an area -facilitate perpendicular or parallel alignment for a straight line of travel -obtain information about a corresponding area Clue - Correct Answer Any auditory, olfactory, tactile, kinesthetic, or visual stimulus affecting the senses which can be readily converted to give the individual information necessary to determine his position or a line of direction Clue Example - Correct Answer the smell of coffee coming from a coffee shop in downtown Birmingham but this particular one is located on University Blvd -combine both clues = Lucy's Clues are used to: - Correct Answer -obtain direction -determine one's position in the environment -maintain directional orientation -establish line of direction -aid forward projection into the environment -locate a specific objective -regain orientation -obtain information concerning the environment -obtain information about a corresponding area Cue - Correct Answer any sound, odor, temperature, tactile, or visual stimulus affecting the senses which will elicit an immediate or automatic response Cue Example - Correct Answer an individual hears a church bell ringing and this is the only church in town Materials used for O&M - Correct Answer -canes -AMD -shades -telescopes -GPS -Dog Guide Long Cane - Correct Answer -white or mobility cane -lightweight design -intended for low-vision individuals -wish to be recognized in difficult situations -do not require full mobility assistance AMD - Correct Answer -adaptive mobility device -preview environment Shades for Indoor Glare - Correct Answer -light colored UV filters to block glare without significantly reducing light transmission Shades for Outdoor Glare - Correct Answer -stronger UV filters to reduce glare and light transmission -hats also control glare Telescopes - Correct Answer used to view objects at a distance Items and Techniques for Wheelchair Users - Correct Answer -decrease speed of power chairs -use of long canes (NFB canes) -longer footrests -lap tray for protection -curb feelers -sensory substitution -raised strips for auditory and tactile feedback (floor) -light on chair or pole with flag to increase visibility Pre-Cane Skills - Correct Answer -Trailing -Alignment -Squaring Off -Room Familiarization -Self-Protective Technique Trailing - Correct Answer -use if there is a continuous surface between destinations -extend shoulder out about 45 degrees, arm in front of body -use back of hand with fingers curled Alignment - Correct Answer -use when there are gaps in the trailing surface -client aligns self parallel with surface to establish a line of travel -continue across the open area and resume trailing on the other side Squaring Off - Correct Answer -use when changing directions and crossing a surface with gaps -place back "squared" against object to determine line of direction away from the object Room Familiarization - Correct Answer -establish a fixed landmark or "home base" -describe the contents of the room from home base -person travels room using tailing or sighted guide to learn its size and shape -explore inside of room using a grid pattern Self-Protective Technique - Correct Answer -use selectively with clients -for short travel distances; static environments -used to protect self from head to waist while ambulating across open areas -used to locate objects from head to waist Upper hand & forearm - Correct Answer -arm flexed to shoulder level with forearm parallel to floor -elbow flexed at 90 degrees -wrist and fingers extended -fingers aligned to opposite shoulder -palm facing out -arm and hand relaxed to absorb shock Lower hand & forearm - Correct Answer -arm slightly flexed at shoulder -hand about 8 inches from body -arm and hand at midline -palm facing body -arm and hand relaxed to absorb shock Sighted Guide - Correct Answer -used to assist person with low vision or blindness to safely traverse environments Basic Grip - Correct Answer -person takes the guide's arm just above the elbow -fingers on the inside of the arm and the thumb on the outside Basic Stance - Correct Answer -guides arm is relaxed at his side -person's arm held in a relaxed posture with the elbow bent approximately 90 degrees and held close to her side -person stands at the guides side about 1/2 pace behind -person should be a comfortable distance from the guide but not so far to the side that they stand more than two abreast Narrow Passages - Correct Answer -guide initiates change in position by moving his arm back and toward the center of his back -person responds by straightening her arm and stepping behind the guide so they are in single file one full pace apart -persons arm is held fully extended to prevent her from stepping on the guide's heels Stairs and Curbs - Correct Answer -guide alerts person -guide approaches the stair squarely and stops when he reaches them -if a handrail is present, he instructs the person to switch to the side with the handrail -the person takes the handrail and find the first step with her toe -guide steps down, person follows -guide tells person when they have reached the landing Entering a Vehicle - Correct Answer -guide tells person which direction the vehicle is facing and helps her place one hand on the door handle and one hand on top of the corner of the door -the person moves her hand from the top of the corner of the door to the roof of the vehicle and enters the vehicle Taking a Seat - Correct Answer -guide brings person to the front of the chair and places the person's hand on the back of the chair -he describes the type of chair -person brushes the seat of the chair with the back of the hand to make sure that there is nothing on it -person turns around, backs up until she feels the back of her knees against the chair and sits down