Chapter 25: The Endocrine System Practice Exam With Correct Answers.

What two main communication systems allow animal cells to send messages, coordinate the actions of the organ systems, and respond to the environment? - correct answer nervous and endocrine What is composed of cells that produce hormones and secrete them into the bloodstream? - correct answer Endocrine gland A chemical that is secreted by an endocrine gland and that travels in the bloodstream to target cells is called a(n) - correct answer hormone. Although they travel in the bloodstream, hormones do not act on every cell because - correct answer only specific target cells respond to the hormone. Select all of the places where hormone receptors can be found in a target cell. - correct answer -nucleus -cytoplasm -plasma membrane The nervous system and the endocrine system are the two main ______ systems in animals. - correct answer communication Where are peptide hormone receptors found? - correct answer On the surface of target cells An endocrine gland produces _________and secretes them into the bloodstream. - correct answer hormones What are second messengers? - correct answer Molecules that activate enzymes to produce a hormone's effects Select all the characteristics of a hormone. - correct answer -It travels the bloodstream -It alters the metabolism of cells In endocrine signaling, hormones bind to - correct answer a limited set of target cells. Match the locations of hormone receptors with the type of hormone that each receptor is binding. - correct answer Water-soluble hormones-Cell surface Lipid-soluble hormones-Cytoplasm or nucleus Receptors for_________-soluble hormones are found on the surface of target cells. - correct answer water What type of hormones use second messengers in a cascade of reactions that trigger a cell response? - correct answer peptide Steroid hormones are synthesized from - correct answer cholesterol. Select all of the following that are lipid-soluble hormones. - correct answer -thyroid hormones -testosterone -estrogen Select all of the following that are endocrine glands in vertebrates. - correct answer -pituitary gland -thyroid gland -parathyroid glands -hypothalamus -adrenal glands The ______ and pituitary gland coordinate much of the endocrine system's actions. - correct answer hypothalamus Steroid hormones are _________-soluble. - correct answer fat ______ hormones include the steroid hormones and thyroid hormones. - correct answer Lipid-soluble The hypothalamus, pancreas, ovaries, and testes are endocrine ______ in vertebrates. - correct answer organs Select the two structures that coordinate many endocrine functions in vertebrates. - correct answer -pituitary gland -hypothalamus Where is the hypothalamus in the body? - correct answer in the brain The structure labeled A in this image of the brain is the - correct answer anterior What does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulate? - correct answer blood water content Select all the hormones that are produced by the anterior pituitary. - correct answer -prolactin -growth hormone (GH) -TSH and ACTH -FSH and LH The hypothalamus is part of the - correct answer forebrain. Select all of the following that describe ACTH, TSH, FSH, and LH. - correct answer -They are all anterior pituitary hormones. -They influence other endocrine glands. The function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is to signal the - correct answer kidneys to return water to the blood. The arrow points to the ______ gland, which produces calcitonin and thyroxine. - correct answer thyroid The ______ gland produces six hormones, including GH, FSH, ACTH, and LH. - correct answer anterior pituitary Select all the hormones that are released directly by the thyroid gland. - correct answer -calcitonin -triiodothyronine -thyroxine What process is shown in the picture? - correct answer Negative feedback What hormone increases blood calcium levels by releasing calcium from bones, thereby opposing the action of calcitonin? - correct answer parathyroid hormone Select all the anterior pituitary hormones that influence hormone secretion by other endocrine glands. - correct answer -thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) -adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) -LH and FSH The ______ glands are situated on top of the kidneys. - correct answer adrenal Where is the thyroid gland located? - correct answer neck Select the two hormones produced by the adrenal medulla. - correct answer -epinephrine -norepinephrine What gland affects metabolic rate and secretes triiodothyronine and thyroxine? - correct answer thyroid gland The hormones ______ and ______ are released by the adrenal medulla and help the body respond to fear, trauma, exercise, and "fight-or-flight" stresses. - correct answer epinephrine and norepinephrine What gland secretes thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in response to low thyroid hormone concentration in the blood? - correct answer anterior pituitary Select all the effects of parathyroid hormone. - correct answer -enhance calcium absorption in digestive tract and kidneys -increase blood calcium levels -release calcium from bone Where are the adrenal glands? - correct answer on top of the kidneys The adrenal cortex secretes ______ hormones, which include mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. - correct answer steroid Where are epinephrine and norepinephrine produced? - correct answer adrenal medulla The ______ is an endocrine gland that is located beneath the stomach and that regulates the body's use of glucose. - correct answer pancreas Select all the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine that are produced by the adrenal medulla. - correct answer -expand airways -help the body respond to trauma and excitement -increase heart rate -increase blood pressure Select all the hormones secreted by the pancreas. - correct answer -insulin -glucagon Select all the hormones that are secreted by the adrenal cortex. - correct answer -mineralocorticoids -glucocorticoids What counteracts glucagon in blood glucose regulation? - correct answer insulin Clusters of cells in the ______ secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon. - correct answer pancreas If blood sugar levels drop too low, ______ is secreted by the pancreas. - correct answer glucagon