NSG 6604 Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Philosophy - ANSWER --Science comprising logic, ethics, metaphysics & epistemology.
-concerned with judgements about components of science.
-statement of beliefs and values, what people assume to be true in what they believe. not empirically
based, opinion based, public affirmation in discipline.
-"this we believe" nsg statments
-prevailing philosophy of discipline is the most widely accepted one.
Science - ANSWER --to know (KING), body of knowledge.
-observation, identification, description, experimental investigation and theoretical explanation of
natural phenomena.
-Nsg ______ is the knowledge connected to the discipline + the process & methods used to gain the
knowledge.
-goal- identify truths/facts about discipline subject matter; who, what, where, when & how of
phenomena.
Knowledge - ANSWER --what can be structured and represented to others out of the process of knowing
(Kramer).
-factual, awareness or perception of reality acquired through learning or investigation.
-Suggests that science is composed of what are known about discipline subject matter (known vs
believed).
-Feigl (1953) replicable by using appropriate scientific methodologies w/in a discipline; replication =
components of phenomena provide observable & measurable knowledge.
-empirical- can be experienced through human senses.
Phenomena - ANSWER --Comprise the subject matter of a discipline (grief, caring, etc)
-A thing, fact, situation, or event of scientific interest susceptible to scientific description and
explanation
NSG 6604 Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
,Fact - ANSWER --Something known with certainty
Theory - ANSWER --A set of two or more concepts, definitions, and propositions that project a
systematic view of phenomena by designing specific interrelationships among concepts for purposes of
describing, explaining, and predicting (Chinn & Jacob, 1987; Fawcett, 2000)
• Generally, applicable in clinical practice • Facts need to be ordered in a cohesive body that will result
in an organized body of knowledge. • Provide a description, prediction, understanding, and explanation
of phenomena (Kim) • _____ allows one to explain past events, provide a sense of understanding about
current events, predict future events and provide the potential for controlling them • Nursing
intervention is served through the ability to predict and ultimately to control phenomena associated
with health and health care • A degree of uncertainty is inherent in ______; the concepts may be
tentative and the propositions may be predictions of what reality is believed to be like, rather than a set
of known, undeniable facts (Hoover, 1988) • The functions of _____ include summarization of
knowledge, explanation of phenomena of interest to the discipline employing the _____, and provision
of to guide, predict and ultimately to control phenomena (Mehlberg, 1962) • T_____ are composed of
assertions that state specific relationships between two or more concepts
How does theory contribute to the scientific base of a discipline? - ANSWER --conceptual models and
theories PRESENT DIFFERENT VIEWS OF PHENOMENON.
-link results of research together leading to cumulative scientific knowledge.
-provide frameworks by which to study concepts & variables.
-provide frameworks that allows interpretation of research findings beyond specific data.
Model - ANSWER -• An idea that explains by using symbolic and physical visualization • Symbolic models
may be verbal, schematic, or quantitative • Verbal models are worded statements • Schematic models
may be diagrams, drawings, graphs or pictures • Quantitative models are mathematical symbols •
Physical models may look like what they are supposed to represent; For example, body organs may
become more abstract while still keeping some of the physical properties, like ECG tracings • Models can
be used "to facilitate thinking about concepts and relationships between them (Bush, 1979) or to map
out the research process (Chinn & Jacob, 1989)
Conceptual Model - ANSWER --ABSTRACT AND GENERAL ideas(concepts) & propositions that specify
relationships.
-Integrate those concepts into a meaningful configuration (Fawcett).
NSG 6604 Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
, Paradigm - ANSWER -Science, philosophy and theory are all components of the domain of any scientific
discipline; used to denote the prevailing network of science, philosophy and theory accepted by a
discipline
• What members of the community have in common; Includes: knowledge, philosophy, theory,
educational experience, practice orientation, research methodology and literature identified with the
discipline (shared framework and a shared view held by a discipline (Melesis)
- The prevailing *** directs the activities of the discipline • It is accepted by the majority of individuals
within the discipline and suggest the areas of study of interest to the discipline and the means to study
them
Concept - ANSWER -• A complex mental formulation of an object, property or event that is derived from
individual perceptual experience (Chinn & Jacob, 1987)
• It is an idea, a mental image or a generalization formed and developed in the mind
-_____ label phenomena
-abstract or concrete
concrete concept - ANSWER -specific to time and place, such as the body temperature of a specific
person, at a specific time, on a specific day
abstract concept - ANSWER -completely independent of time or place. Temperature for example
Definitions - ANSWER -Statements of the meaning of a word, phrase or term
Theoretical Definition - ANSWER -The general meaning of a concept in a manner that fits the theory.
Operational Definition - ANSWER -Specify "the activities of operations necessary to measure a construct
or variable, define the specifics or a study in measurable terms".
Theoretical Statements - ANSWER -Describe a relationship between 2 or more concepts
Assumptions - ANSWER -Statements supposed to be true without proof or demonstration
- basic givens or accepted truths that are fundamental to theoretic reasoning.
NSG 6604 Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
CORRECT ANSWERS
Philosophy - ANSWER --Science comprising logic, ethics, metaphysics & epistemology.
-concerned with judgements about components of science.
-statement of beliefs and values, what people assume to be true in what they believe. not empirically
based, opinion based, public affirmation in discipline.
-"this we believe" nsg statments
-prevailing philosophy of discipline is the most widely accepted one.
Science - ANSWER --to know (KING), body of knowledge.
-observation, identification, description, experimental investigation and theoretical explanation of
natural phenomena.
-Nsg ______ is the knowledge connected to the discipline + the process & methods used to gain the
knowledge.
-goal- identify truths/facts about discipline subject matter; who, what, where, when & how of
phenomena.
Knowledge - ANSWER --what can be structured and represented to others out of the process of knowing
(Kramer).
-factual, awareness or perception of reality acquired through learning or investigation.
-Suggests that science is composed of what are known about discipline subject matter (known vs
believed).
-Feigl (1953) replicable by using appropriate scientific methodologies w/in a discipline; replication =
components of phenomena provide observable & measurable knowledge.
-empirical- can be experienced through human senses.
Phenomena - ANSWER --Comprise the subject matter of a discipline (grief, caring, etc)
-A thing, fact, situation, or event of scientific interest susceptible to scientific description and
explanation
NSG 6604 Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
,Fact - ANSWER --Something known with certainty
Theory - ANSWER --A set of two or more concepts, definitions, and propositions that project a
systematic view of phenomena by designing specific interrelationships among concepts for purposes of
describing, explaining, and predicting (Chinn & Jacob, 1987; Fawcett, 2000)
• Generally, applicable in clinical practice • Facts need to be ordered in a cohesive body that will result
in an organized body of knowledge. • Provide a description, prediction, understanding, and explanation
of phenomena (Kim) • _____ allows one to explain past events, provide a sense of understanding about
current events, predict future events and provide the potential for controlling them • Nursing
intervention is served through the ability to predict and ultimately to control phenomena associated
with health and health care • A degree of uncertainty is inherent in ______; the concepts may be
tentative and the propositions may be predictions of what reality is believed to be like, rather than a set
of known, undeniable facts (Hoover, 1988) • The functions of _____ include summarization of
knowledge, explanation of phenomena of interest to the discipline employing the _____, and provision
of to guide, predict and ultimately to control phenomena (Mehlberg, 1962) • T_____ are composed of
assertions that state specific relationships between two or more concepts
How does theory contribute to the scientific base of a discipline? - ANSWER --conceptual models and
theories PRESENT DIFFERENT VIEWS OF PHENOMENON.
-link results of research together leading to cumulative scientific knowledge.
-provide frameworks by which to study concepts & variables.
-provide frameworks that allows interpretation of research findings beyond specific data.
Model - ANSWER -• An idea that explains by using symbolic and physical visualization • Symbolic models
may be verbal, schematic, or quantitative • Verbal models are worded statements • Schematic models
may be diagrams, drawings, graphs or pictures • Quantitative models are mathematical symbols •
Physical models may look like what they are supposed to represent; For example, body organs may
become more abstract while still keeping some of the physical properties, like ECG tracings • Models can
be used "to facilitate thinking about concepts and relationships between them (Bush, 1979) or to map
out the research process (Chinn & Jacob, 1989)
Conceptual Model - ANSWER --ABSTRACT AND GENERAL ideas(concepts) & propositions that specify
relationships.
-Integrate those concepts into a meaningful configuration (Fawcett).
NSG 6604 Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
, Paradigm - ANSWER -Science, philosophy and theory are all components of the domain of any scientific
discipline; used to denote the prevailing network of science, philosophy and theory accepted by a
discipline
• What members of the community have in common; Includes: knowledge, philosophy, theory,
educational experience, practice orientation, research methodology and literature identified with the
discipline (shared framework and a shared view held by a discipline (Melesis)
- The prevailing *** directs the activities of the discipline • It is accepted by the majority of individuals
within the discipline and suggest the areas of study of interest to the discipline and the means to study
them
Concept - ANSWER -• A complex mental formulation of an object, property or event that is derived from
individual perceptual experience (Chinn & Jacob, 1987)
• It is an idea, a mental image or a generalization formed and developed in the mind
-_____ label phenomena
-abstract or concrete
concrete concept - ANSWER -specific to time and place, such as the body temperature of a specific
person, at a specific time, on a specific day
abstract concept - ANSWER -completely independent of time or place. Temperature for example
Definitions - ANSWER -Statements of the meaning of a word, phrase or term
Theoretical Definition - ANSWER -The general meaning of a concept in a manner that fits the theory.
Operational Definition - ANSWER -Specify "the activities of operations necessary to measure a construct
or variable, define the specifics or a study in measurable terms".
Theoretical Statements - ANSWER -Describe a relationship between 2 or more concepts
Assumptions - ANSWER -Statements supposed to be true without proof or demonstration
- basic givens or accepted truths that are fundamental to theoretic reasoning.
NSG 6604 Final EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
