PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
RASMUSSEN QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Passive immunity - Answer-Transfer of performed antibodies against a specific antigen
from protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or non-immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity - Answer-IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing
placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range(intercellular cation) - Answer-3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid) - Answer-135-145 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range - Answer-9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Phosphate value normal range - Answer-2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range - Answer-1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) - Answer-23-30
mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - Answer-hypokalemia
Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - Answer-Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - Answer-hyponatremia / hypernatremia
Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - Answer-hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - Answer-hypophophatemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - Answer-Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - Answer-hypochloremia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - Answer-Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - Answer-hypomagnesemia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - Answer-Hypermagesemia
, condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - Answer-hypocalcemia
condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - Answer-hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology - Answer-the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living
beings
Pathology - Answer-the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs,
tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
Etiology - Answer-The study of the causes and origins of disease
4 topics of pathophysiology - Answer-etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations,
treatment
pathogenesis - Answer-development or evolution of a disease
clinical manifestation - Answer-signs and symptoms or evidence of disease
exacerbation - Answer-a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a disease or any of
its signs and symptom
remission - Answer-decline in severity of symptoms
sequela - Answer-a disorder or condition usually resulting from a previous disease or
injury
acute - Answer-sudden onset and short duration
chronic - Answer-long term
Primary level of prevention - Answer-altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for
susceptible persons
Example of primary prevention - Answer-Immunization, health/sex ed, quit smoking
drinking or poor diet.
Secondary level of prevention - Answer--conduction activities that help prevent a
worsening health status by detection or management of diseases
examples of secondary prevention - Answer-Self breast exams, yearly cancer
screenings, proper management of diabetes
Tertiary level of prevention - Answer--supports optimal functioning
-prevents long term consequences of a chronic illness or disability
RASMUSSEN QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Passive immunity - Answer-Transfer of performed antibodies against a specific antigen
from protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or non-immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity - Answer-IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing
placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range(intercellular cation) - Answer-3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid) - Answer-135-145 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range - Answer-9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Phosphate value normal range - Answer-2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range - Answer-1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) - Answer-23-30
mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - Answer-hypokalemia
Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - Answer-Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - Answer-hyponatremia / hypernatremia
Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - Answer-hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - Answer-hypophophatemia
Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - Answer-Hyperphosphatemia
Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - Answer-hypochloremia
Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - Answer-Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - Answer-hypomagnesemia
Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - Answer-Hypermagesemia
, condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - Answer-hypocalcemia
condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - Answer-hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology - Answer-the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living
beings
Pathology - Answer-the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs,
tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
Etiology - Answer-The study of the causes and origins of disease
4 topics of pathophysiology - Answer-etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations,
treatment
pathogenesis - Answer-development or evolution of a disease
clinical manifestation - Answer-signs and symptoms or evidence of disease
exacerbation - Answer-a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a disease or any of
its signs and symptom
remission - Answer-decline in severity of symptoms
sequela - Answer-a disorder or condition usually resulting from a previous disease or
injury
acute - Answer-sudden onset and short duration
chronic - Answer-long term
Primary level of prevention - Answer-altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for
susceptible persons
Example of primary prevention - Answer-Immunization, health/sex ed, quit smoking
drinking or poor diet.
Secondary level of prevention - Answer--conduction activities that help prevent a
worsening health status by detection or management of diseases
examples of secondary prevention - Answer-Self breast exams, yearly cancer
screenings, proper management of diabetes
Tertiary level of prevention - Answer--supports optimal functioning
-prevents long term consequences of a chronic illness or disability
