PCB 4674: EVOLUTION EXAM 1
All living organisms on Earth are related through - (ANSWER)Common Ancestry
Five-year voyage around the world. This ship sailed from England, around the tip of South
America, to the Galápagos Islands, around the southern coast of Australia and Africa, and back to
England. During this journey, Darwin collected thousands of samples: plants, animals, fossils,
and rocks. He made careful and important observations about the organisms he encountered. -
(ANSWER)HMS Beagle
Darwin surmised that birds with certain physical features, those that allowed them to eat certain
foods in their environment, survived and reproduced. Through reproduction, they could pass on
these physical features to their offspring, thus increasing the frequency of these features in the
overall population of birds. In different environments, different physical features would be
favored and would be "selected." - (ANSWER)Natural Selection
Driver of evolution called natural selection. Darwin refereed to it as - (ANSWER)Descent With
Modification
The 13 different finch species that currently live on the Galápagos is a kind of rapid and prolific
speciation known as an _______ _______. An evolutionary pattern in which many species
evolve from a single ancestral species. - (ANSWER)Adaptive Radiation
Common scientific views before Darwin - (ANSWER)The earth is young, species divinely
created, and species are unchangable
Emerging scientific views before Darwin - (ANSWER)The earth is old, the earth's surface,
plants, and anaimals havechanged over time
Study of Earth - (ANSWER)Geology
,Study of Fossils - (ANSWER)Palentology
Study of classification and relationships of organisms - (ANSWER)Taxonomy & Systematics
Study of populations - (ANSWER)Demography
Study of organisms and their changes over time - (ANSWER)Evolutionary biology
How old is the earth - (ANSWER)4.6 Billion Years
Scottish geologist who lived in the 18th century and who recognized that wind and rain caused
erosion and formed sand, small rocks, and soil. Discovered the strata and uniformitarianism. -
(ANSWER)James Hutton
Particles could then be redeposited and form the layered pattern of rock we call -
(ANSWER)Strata
Hutton's ideas of geological strata and time depth rely on the assumption that the processes that
occur today are the same ones that have occurred in the past. This is known as ____________, an
idea that is widely accepted in all scientific fields today. - (ANSWER)Uniformitarianism
Hutton's ideas were soon tested by the great geologist _______ ______ , who confirmed that it
would take millions, not thousands, of years for Earth's geological strata to form. Who lived in
the late 18th, early 19th centuries. - (ANSWER)Charles Lyell
He invented the microscope and examined fossil wood under his new device. He noted that the
cellular structure of the fossil wood was the same as the wood that exists today. He lived in the
17th century. - (ANSWER)Robert Hooke
He proposed that fossils were from organisms that no longer existed. He also discovered that
different fossils could be found in different geological strata. He also proposed that different
, layers of strata represent groups of organisms that had been wiped out in a series of catastrophic
events. He lived in the 18th/19th century. - (ANSWER)Georges Cuvier
Cuvier proposed evolution happened catastrophically, others proposed it happened slowly and
gradually. Although many lineage extinctions are not dramatic, there is growing evidence that
there have been ______ _______ events. - (ANSWER)Mass Extinction
One mass extinction event happened 65 million years ago; it marks the end of the dinosaurs and
the beginning of the reign of ______. - (ANSWER)Mammals
In 1991, researchers discovered a massive crater, partially underwater, on the ________
_____________ in modern-day Mexico. It has been dated to about 65 million years and
preserves a high concentration of iridium, an element that is exceptionally rare on Earth but
common in meteors and comets. A comet or meteor, roughly 6 miles wide, struck Earth 65
million years ago, with the force of 100 million megatons. To put this in perspective, the current
arsenal of nuclear weapons stockpiled by the United States military is 1,400 megatons. This
means we would need to set off our entire nuclear arsenal 70,000 times in a row to equal the
force of this impact. This was a catastrophic event; it is remarkable that anything survived. -
(ANSWER)Yucatán Peninsula
Prior to Cuvier's work on fossils, the great Swedish naturalist ________ ________ devised a
system for naming and classifying all living organisms. His system is still used today, and allows
scientists from all over the world, speaking different languages, to understand one another. Lived
in 18th century. He proposed that each species should receive a unique name composed of a
genus and a species. - (ANSWER)Carolus Linnaeus
Genus/Species of Humans, Chimpanzees, Boa constrictor, and Gorilla: - (ANSWER)Homo
sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Boa constrictor, Gorilla, gorilla
Linnaeus also devised a ___________ __________ scheme in which all living organisms could
be placed within a kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and, finally, species. The
Linnaean system of classification reveals that living organisms, including humans, are clustered
in distinct ways- ways that could only be explained if these living organisms shared a common
ancestor. - (ANSWER)Hierarchical Classification
Humans are the only living species in the genus - (ANSWER)Homo
All living organisms on Earth are related through - (ANSWER)Common Ancestry
Five-year voyage around the world. This ship sailed from England, around the tip of South
America, to the Galápagos Islands, around the southern coast of Australia and Africa, and back to
England. During this journey, Darwin collected thousands of samples: plants, animals, fossils,
and rocks. He made careful and important observations about the organisms he encountered. -
(ANSWER)HMS Beagle
Darwin surmised that birds with certain physical features, those that allowed them to eat certain
foods in their environment, survived and reproduced. Through reproduction, they could pass on
these physical features to their offspring, thus increasing the frequency of these features in the
overall population of birds. In different environments, different physical features would be
favored and would be "selected." - (ANSWER)Natural Selection
Driver of evolution called natural selection. Darwin refereed to it as - (ANSWER)Descent With
Modification
The 13 different finch species that currently live on the Galápagos is a kind of rapid and prolific
speciation known as an _______ _______. An evolutionary pattern in which many species
evolve from a single ancestral species. - (ANSWER)Adaptive Radiation
Common scientific views before Darwin - (ANSWER)The earth is young, species divinely
created, and species are unchangable
Emerging scientific views before Darwin - (ANSWER)The earth is old, the earth's surface,
plants, and anaimals havechanged over time
Study of Earth - (ANSWER)Geology
,Study of Fossils - (ANSWER)Palentology
Study of classification and relationships of organisms - (ANSWER)Taxonomy & Systematics
Study of populations - (ANSWER)Demography
Study of organisms and their changes over time - (ANSWER)Evolutionary biology
How old is the earth - (ANSWER)4.6 Billion Years
Scottish geologist who lived in the 18th century and who recognized that wind and rain caused
erosion and formed sand, small rocks, and soil. Discovered the strata and uniformitarianism. -
(ANSWER)James Hutton
Particles could then be redeposited and form the layered pattern of rock we call -
(ANSWER)Strata
Hutton's ideas of geological strata and time depth rely on the assumption that the processes that
occur today are the same ones that have occurred in the past. This is known as ____________, an
idea that is widely accepted in all scientific fields today. - (ANSWER)Uniformitarianism
Hutton's ideas were soon tested by the great geologist _______ ______ , who confirmed that it
would take millions, not thousands, of years for Earth's geological strata to form. Who lived in
the late 18th, early 19th centuries. - (ANSWER)Charles Lyell
He invented the microscope and examined fossil wood under his new device. He noted that the
cellular structure of the fossil wood was the same as the wood that exists today. He lived in the
17th century. - (ANSWER)Robert Hooke
He proposed that fossils were from organisms that no longer existed. He also discovered that
different fossils could be found in different geological strata. He also proposed that different
, layers of strata represent groups of organisms that had been wiped out in a series of catastrophic
events. He lived in the 18th/19th century. - (ANSWER)Georges Cuvier
Cuvier proposed evolution happened catastrophically, others proposed it happened slowly and
gradually. Although many lineage extinctions are not dramatic, there is growing evidence that
there have been ______ _______ events. - (ANSWER)Mass Extinction
One mass extinction event happened 65 million years ago; it marks the end of the dinosaurs and
the beginning of the reign of ______. - (ANSWER)Mammals
In 1991, researchers discovered a massive crater, partially underwater, on the ________
_____________ in modern-day Mexico. It has been dated to about 65 million years and
preserves a high concentration of iridium, an element that is exceptionally rare on Earth but
common in meteors and comets. A comet or meteor, roughly 6 miles wide, struck Earth 65
million years ago, with the force of 100 million megatons. To put this in perspective, the current
arsenal of nuclear weapons stockpiled by the United States military is 1,400 megatons. This
means we would need to set off our entire nuclear arsenal 70,000 times in a row to equal the
force of this impact. This was a catastrophic event; it is remarkable that anything survived. -
(ANSWER)Yucatán Peninsula
Prior to Cuvier's work on fossils, the great Swedish naturalist ________ ________ devised a
system for naming and classifying all living organisms. His system is still used today, and allows
scientists from all over the world, speaking different languages, to understand one another. Lived
in 18th century. He proposed that each species should receive a unique name composed of a
genus and a species. - (ANSWER)Carolus Linnaeus
Genus/Species of Humans, Chimpanzees, Boa constrictor, and Gorilla: - (ANSWER)Homo
sapiens, Pan troglodytes, Boa constrictor, Gorilla, gorilla
Linnaeus also devised a ___________ __________ scheme in which all living organisms could
be placed within a kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and, finally, species. The
Linnaean system of classification reveals that living organisms, including humans, are clustered
in distinct ways- ways that could only be explained if these living organisms shared a common
ancestor. - (ANSWER)Hierarchical Classification
Humans are the only living species in the genus - (ANSWER)Homo
