Nursing 342: Exam 4 Terms
Cystitis - Inflammation of the bladder lining
Urinary tract infection - Most common infection
E. coli - What is the most common cause of UTI?
Urethritis - Inflammation of the urethra
CAUTI - Infection of the urinary tract caused by use of indwelling catheter
Urosepsis - Spread of infection from the urinary tract to the bloodstream that results in a systemic
infection
Removal of indwelling catheters - What is the most effective prevention of UTI's in the hospital?
Females - Who is most at risk for a UTI?
More than 8 voids within 24 hours with less than 200 mL each time - When is urination considered
"frequent"?
Dysuria - Painful urination
Nonlocalized abdominal discomfort, cognitive impairment, no fever - Older adult clinical manifestations
of UTI (3)
,Bactrim (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) - Most common antibiotic for UTI's
Phenoxypyridine - UTI pain reliever that turns urine orange/red
Weight in lbs/2 - How do you determine how many ounces of fluid one should drink daily?
Every 3-4 hours - How often should you void during the day?
Urinary retention, accurate I/O's, perioperative, sacral or perineal wounds plus incontinence, prolonged
immobilization, comfort at end of life - 6 Indications for an indwelling catheter
Interstitial cystitis - Chronic, painful disorder of the bladder characterized by LUTS, but not caused by
infection
Before menstruation, with stress, or intercourse - What circumstances will cause pain to worsen with
interstitial cystitis?
Pyelonephritis - Infection of the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis
CAUTI - Major risk factor for pyelonephritis
Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness - Classic sign of pyelonephritis
Hydronephrosis - Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys
Obstruction - What is the cause of hydronephrosis?
, Nephrolithiasis - Kidney stones
Decreased BP, increased HR, worsening S/Sx of infection (fever, fatigue, etc.) - Signs of urosepsis
Chronic pyelonephritis - Small, atrophied kidneys with diffuse scarring s/t persistent kidney infection
Antimicrobials for months - What is the treatment for chronic pyelonephritis?
Glomerulonephritis - Inflammation in the glomeruli, which results in decreased function
Diabetic neuropathy and hypertension - What are the 2 most common conditions that cause glomeruli
scarring?
True - T/F: Glomerulonephritis can be acute or chronic.
Decreases - What happens to GFR when the glomeruli aren't able to function properly?
Hematuria, smoky, dark, or coffee-ground urine - Key clinical manifestation in glomerulonephritis
Increase, decrease - What happens to protein level, blood cells, and casts in the urine during
glomerulonephritis? What about in the blood?
Azotemia - Buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood (BUN)
Increased - What happens to our BUN and Cr during glomerulonephritis?
Cystitis - Inflammation of the bladder lining
Urinary tract infection - Most common infection
E. coli - What is the most common cause of UTI?
Urethritis - Inflammation of the urethra
CAUTI - Infection of the urinary tract caused by use of indwelling catheter
Urosepsis - Spread of infection from the urinary tract to the bloodstream that results in a systemic
infection
Removal of indwelling catheters - What is the most effective prevention of UTI's in the hospital?
Females - Who is most at risk for a UTI?
More than 8 voids within 24 hours with less than 200 mL each time - When is urination considered
"frequent"?
Dysuria - Painful urination
Nonlocalized abdominal discomfort, cognitive impairment, no fever - Older adult clinical manifestations
of UTI (3)
,Bactrim (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) - Most common antibiotic for UTI's
Phenoxypyridine - UTI pain reliever that turns urine orange/red
Weight in lbs/2 - How do you determine how many ounces of fluid one should drink daily?
Every 3-4 hours - How often should you void during the day?
Urinary retention, accurate I/O's, perioperative, sacral or perineal wounds plus incontinence, prolonged
immobilization, comfort at end of life - 6 Indications for an indwelling catheter
Interstitial cystitis - Chronic, painful disorder of the bladder characterized by LUTS, but not caused by
infection
Before menstruation, with stress, or intercourse - What circumstances will cause pain to worsen with
interstitial cystitis?
Pyelonephritis - Infection of the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis
CAUTI - Major risk factor for pyelonephritis
Costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness - Classic sign of pyelonephritis
Hydronephrosis - Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys
Obstruction - What is the cause of hydronephrosis?
, Nephrolithiasis - Kidney stones
Decreased BP, increased HR, worsening S/Sx of infection (fever, fatigue, etc.) - Signs of urosepsis
Chronic pyelonephritis - Small, atrophied kidneys with diffuse scarring s/t persistent kidney infection
Antimicrobials for months - What is the treatment for chronic pyelonephritis?
Glomerulonephritis - Inflammation in the glomeruli, which results in decreased function
Diabetic neuropathy and hypertension - What are the 2 most common conditions that cause glomeruli
scarring?
True - T/F: Glomerulonephritis can be acute or chronic.
Decreases - What happens to GFR when the glomeruli aren't able to function properly?
Hematuria, smoky, dark, or coffee-ground urine - Key clinical manifestation in glomerulonephritis
Increase, decrease - What happens to protein level, blood cells, and casts in the urine during
glomerulonephritis? What about in the blood?
Azotemia - Buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood (BUN)
Increased - What happens to our BUN and Cr during glomerulonephritis?
