NSG 349 Exam 2 With Complete Solution

NSG 349 Exam 2 With
Complete Solution

How to calculate blood pressure - ANSWER cardiac output x systemic
vascular resistance= BP

why is hypertension usually called the silent killer - ANSWER usually
asymptomatic unless a hypertensive emergency

drugs that decrease cardiac output - ANSWER SV: diuretics, ACE inhibitors,
vasodilators

SV/HR: beta blockers, non-dihydropyredines (decrease pre load)

drugs that decrease SVR - ANSWER dyhydropyredines CCBs, alpha-1
adrenogenic blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBS, vasodilators, alpha 2 adrenergic
agonists (decrease afterload)

hypertension emergency - ANSWER >160/100

HTN increases risk for - ANSWER stroke, heart failure, aneurysms, renal
failure, hypertensive retinopathies

risk factors for HTN - ANSWER obesity, stress, high sodium diet, advanced
age, genetic factors, race, sedentary lifestyle, comoribidities (secondary BTN):
Type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, pheochromocytoma

diuretic drugs funtion - ANSWER accelerate the rate of urine formation,
removal of sodium and water, ostly used in treatment of HTN, HF and RF

,types of diuretics - ANSWER - loop diuretics

- potassium-sparing diuretics

- thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

- osmotic diuretics

which diuretics are most powerful - ANSWER loop diuretics

which type of diuretics are used to treat HTN, HF, and RF - ANSWER loop,
potassium sparing, thiazide

examples of loop diuretics - ANSWER bumetanide (Bumex)

furosemide (Lasix)

torsemide (Demadex)

indication for loop diuretics - ANSWER HTN, heart failure, edema

contraindications for loop diuretics - ANSWER hypokalemia, severe renal
disease

adverse reactions loop diuretics - ANSWER dizziness, tinnitus, hypokalemia,
decreased renal function

- most common are fluid volume loss and hypokalemia

nursing implications for loop diuretics - ANSWER - monitor for therapeutic
effects and adverse reactions

- monitor for hypokalemia and replace potassium

- I and O

- monitor weight and electrolyte

,- VS (especially BP)

- take in morning (WILL URINATE FREQUENTLY)

potassium sparing diuretics (weak diuretics) examples - ANSWER
spironolactone (aldactone)

potassium sparing diuretics (weak diuretics) - ANSWER holds on to
potassium

potassium sparing diuretics (weak diuretics) is usually adjunct to - ANSWER
loop diuretics

indication for potassium sparing diuretics - ANSWER hypertension, reversing
potassium loss, certain causes of HF

MOA potassium sparing diuretics - ANSWER block aldosterone receptors
(aldosterone saves sodium and kicks potassium)

contraindications for potassium sparing diuretics - ANSWER allergy,
hyperkalemia, severe renal disease

adverse reactions potassium sparing diuretics - ANSWER dizziness, urinary
frequency, hyperkalemia, gynecomastia

nursing implications potassium sparing diuretics - ANSWER - monitor for
effects

- monitor for hyperkalemia

- I and O

- monitor weight and electrolyte status

- VS- BP

, - take in morning

- Interactions with: lithium, ACE inhibitors, potassium supplements- will
increase K

thiazide examples - ANSWER hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrex, Hydrodiuril)

chlorothiazide (Diuril)

thiazide-like examples - ANSWER metolazone (Mykrox, Zaroxolyn)

indication for thiazide/thiazide-like - ANSWER HTN, synergistic with loop,
edema, heart failure

MOA thiazide/thiazide-like - ANSWER lowered peripheral resistance,
decreases preload, depletion of sodium and water and potassium

contraindications thiazide/thiazide-like - ANSWER allergy, hypokalemia,
severe renal disease

adverse reactions thiazide/thiazide-like - ANSWER dizziness, hypokalemia

nursing implications thiazide/thiazide-like - ANSWER - monitor for effects

- monitor for hypokalemia and replace if needed

- I and O

- monitor weight and electrolyte status

- VS- BP

- take in morning




osmotic diuretics examples - ANSWER Mannitol (Osmitrol)