MN553 Unit 9 Exam –
Questions and Answers
the direct costs of medications include:
1. The actual cost of acquiring the medication
2. The loss of income due to illness
3. Pain and suffering due to inadequate drug therapy
4. The cost of a funeral associated with premature death - -3. Pain and
suffering due to inadequate drug therapy
- Indirect costs associated with drug therapy include:
1. The cost of diagnostic tests to monitor therapeutic levels
2. Health-care provider time to prescribe and educate the patient
3. Child-care expenses incurred while receiving therapy
4. Loss of wages while undergoing drug therapy - -4. Loss of wages while
undergoing drug therapy
- When a pharmacoeconomic analysis looks at two or more treatment
alternatives that are considered equal in efficacy and compares the costs of
each it is referred to as:
1. Cost-minimization analysis
2. Cost-of-illness analysis
3. Cost-effectiveness analysis
4. Cost-benefit analysis - -1. Cost-minimization analysis
- Cost-effectiveness analysis compares two or more treatments or programs
that are:
1. Not necessarily therapeutically equivalent
2. Considered equal in efficacy
3. Compared with the dollar value of the benefit received
4. Expressed in terms of patient preference or quality-adjusted life years - -
1. Not necessarily therapeutically equivalent
- The "donut hole" in Medicare Part D:
1. Will be totally eliminated with the federal health-care reform enacted in
2010
2. Refers to the period of time when annual individual drug costs are
between $250 and $2,250 per year and drug costs are covered 75%
3. Refers to the period between when the annual individual drug costs are
$2,970 and $4,750 and the patient pays 52.5% of the costs of brand name
drugs (2013)
4. Has no effect on whether patients continue to fill their prescriptions during
the coverage gap - -3. Refers to the period between when the annual
, individual drug costs are $2,970 and $4,750 and the patient pays 52.5% of
the costs of brand name drugs (2013)
- Research has shown that when patients who are covered by Medicare Part
D reach the "donut hole" in coverage they:
1. Ask for extra refills of medication to get them through the months of no
coverage
2. Fill their prescriptions less frequently, including critical medications such
as
warfarin or a statin
3. Fill their critical medications, but hold off on filling less-critical medications
4. Demonstrate no change in their prescription filling pattern - -2. Fill their
prescriptions less frequently, including critical medications such as warfarin
or a statin
- Food in the gastrointestinal tract affects drug absorption by:
1. Altering the pH of the colon, which decreases absorption
2. Competing with the drug for plasma proteins
3. Altering gastric emptying time
4. Altering the pH of urine - -3. Altering gastric emptying time
- Fasting for an extended period can:
1. Increase drug absorption due to lack of competition between food and the
drug
2. Alter the pH of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting absorption
3. Cause vasoconstriction, leading to decreased drug absorption
4. Shrink the stomach, causing decreased surface area for drug absorption -
-3. Cause vasoconstriction, leading to decreased drug absorption
- A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet may:
1. Increase drug-metabolizing enzymes
2. Decrease drug absorption from the GI tract
3. Alter drug binding to plasma proteins
4. Enhance drug elimination - -1. Increase drug-metabolizing enzymes
- Milk and other foods that alkalinize the urine may:
1. Result in basic drugs being reabsorbed in the renal tubule
2. Increase the elimination of basic drugs in the urine
3. Decrease the elimination of acidic drugs
4. Not alter drug elimination due to the minimal change in urine pH - -1.
Result in basic drugs being reabsorbed in the renal tubule
- The American Dietetic Association has recommended the use of specific
nutritional supplements in the following population(s):
1. 400 IU per day of vitamin D in all infants and children
2. 1,000 IU per day of vitamin D for all pregnant women
Questions and Answers
the direct costs of medications include:
1. The actual cost of acquiring the medication
2. The loss of income due to illness
3. Pain and suffering due to inadequate drug therapy
4. The cost of a funeral associated with premature death - -3. Pain and
suffering due to inadequate drug therapy
- Indirect costs associated with drug therapy include:
1. The cost of diagnostic tests to monitor therapeutic levels
2. Health-care provider time to prescribe and educate the patient
3. Child-care expenses incurred while receiving therapy
4. Loss of wages while undergoing drug therapy - -4. Loss of wages while
undergoing drug therapy
- When a pharmacoeconomic analysis looks at two or more treatment
alternatives that are considered equal in efficacy and compares the costs of
each it is referred to as:
1. Cost-minimization analysis
2. Cost-of-illness analysis
3. Cost-effectiveness analysis
4. Cost-benefit analysis - -1. Cost-minimization analysis
- Cost-effectiveness analysis compares two or more treatments or programs
that are:
1. Not necessarily therapeutically equivalent
2. Considered equal in efficacy
3. Compared with the dollar value of the benefit received
4. Expressed in terms of patient preference or quality-adjusted life years - -
1. Not necessarily therapeutically equivalent
- The "donut hole" in Medicare Part D:
1. Will be totally eliminated with the federal health-care reform enacted in
2010
2. Refers to the period of time when annual individual drug costs are
between $250 and $2,250 per year and drug costs are covered 75%
3. Refers to the period between when the annual individual drug costs are
$2,970 and $4,750 and the patient pays 52.5% of the costs of brand name
drugs (2013)
4. Has no effect on whether patients continue to fill their prescriptions during
the coverage gap - -3. Refers to the period between when the annual
, individual drug costs are $2,970 and $4,750 and the patient pays 52.5% of
the costs of brand name drugs (2013)
- Research has shown that when patients who are covered by Medicare Part
D reach the "donut hole" in coverage they:
1. Ask for extra refills of medication to get them through the months of no
coverage
2. Fill their prescriptions less frequently, including critical medications such
as
warfarin or a statin
3. Fill their critical medications, but hold off on filling less-critical medications
4. Demonstrate no change in their prescription filling pattern - -2. Fill their
prescriptions less frequently, including critical medications such as warfarin
or a statin
- Food in the gastrointestinal tract affects drug absorption by:
1. Altering the pH of the colon, which decreases absorption
2. Competing with the drug for plasma proteins
3. Altering gastric emptying time
4. Altering the pH of urine - -3. Altering gastric emptying time
- Fasting for an extended period can:
1. Increase drug absorption due to lack of competition between food and the
drug
2. Alter the pH of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting absorption
3. Cause vasoconstriction, leading to decreased drug absorption
4. Shrink the stomach, causing decreased surface area for drug absorption -
-3. Cause vasoconstriction, leading to decreased drug absorption
- A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet may:
1. Increase drug-metabolizing enzymes
2. Decrease drug absorption from the GI tract
3. Alter drug binding to plasma proteins
4. Enhance drug elimination - -1. Increase drug-metabolizing enzymes
- Milk and other foods that alkalinize the urine may:
1. Result in basic drugs being reabsorbed in the renal tubule
2. Increase the elimination of basic drugs in the urine
3. Decrease the elimination of acidic drugs
4. Not alter drug elimination due to the minimal change in urine pH - -1.
Result in basic drugs being reabsorbed in the renal tubule
- The American Dietetic Association has recommended the use of specific
nutritional supplements in the following population(s):
1. 400 IU per day of vitamin D in all infants and children
2. 1,000 IU per day of vitamin D for all pregnant women
