NHM 362 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2 jNomenclature jSystems jfor jLipids j- j✔✔1.) jomega j(w) jsystem
2.) jdelta jsystem
Omega j(w) jSystem j- j✔✔denote jcarbon jnumber, jnumber jof jdouble jbonds, j& jposition
jof jdouble jbond jclosest jto jmethyl jend j(counts jfrom jmethyl jend) j(i.e. j18:2, jw-6)
Delta jSystem j- j✔✔denote jcarbon jnumber, jnumber jof jdouble jbonds, j& jposition jof jany
jdouble jbonds jpresent j(counts jfrom jcarboxylic jacid jend) j(i.e. j18:2, jdelta j9, j12)
Can jEssential jFatty jAcids jbe jsynthesized jin jhuman jbody/animal jcells? jWhy jor jwhy
jnot? j- j✔✔cannot jbe jsynthesized jin jthe jbody/animal jcells; jmust jbe jacquired jin jthe jdiet
jb/c jthere jis jno jenzyme jincorporating jdouble jbonds j@ jdelta j12 j& jdelta j15
EFA's jproduce jwhat? j- j✔✔eicosanoids
Eicosanoids j- j✔✔derived jfrom j20-C junsaturated jfatty jacids
3 jtypes jof jeicosanoids j- j✔✔1.) jprostaglandins
2.) jthromboxanes
3.) jleukotrienes
Omega-3 jFatty jAcids j(eicosanoids) j& jthe jInflammatory jResponse j- j✔✔anti-
inflammatory; jreduces jinflammatory jresponse j(good)
Omega-6 jFatty jAcids j(eicosanoids) j& jthe jInflammatory jResponse j- j✔✔pro-
inflammatory; jinduces jinflammatory jresponse j(bad)
Triglycerides jSturcutre j- j✔✔trihydroxy jalcohol j& jglycerol jattached jto j3 jFAs jby jester
jbonds
Triglycerides jaccount jfor j____% jof jdietary jlipids j- j✔✔95%
___________________________ jare jthe jmajor jform jof jstored jbody jfats. j-
j✔✔triglycerides
Triglycerides jcan jexist jas jwhat j2 jthings? j- j✔✔fats jor joils
, Oils j- j✔✔triglycerides jw/ jhigh jproportion jof jshort jchain jFAs jor junsaturated jFA; jliquid
j@ jroom jtemperature
Fats j- j✔✔triglycerides jmostly jsaturated jFAs jw/ jlonger jchain; jsolids j@ jroom jtemp
Cholesterol j- j✔✔most jcommon jsterol jin janimal jtissue; janimal jsterol
Cholesterol jStructure j- j✔✔steroid jring jstructure
2 jForms jof jCholesterol j- j✔✔1.) jfree jform
2.) jcholesteryl jesters
Cholesteryl jEsters j- j✔✔-OH jgroup jis jesterfied jw/ jFA
2 jFunctions jof jCholesterol j- j✔✔1.) jcomponent jcell jmembranes, jesp. jnervous
jmembrane j
2.) jserves jas jprecursor jfor jother jimportant jsteroids jin jthe jbody j(bile jacids, jsteroid jsex
jhormones, jvitamin jD)
Phospholipids jStructure j- j✔✔contains jphosphate j& j1 jor jmore jFA
2 jClasses jof jPhospholipids j- j✔✔1.) jglycerophosphatides
2.) jspingophosphatides
Lecithin jis ja jwhat? j- j✔✔phosphatidylcholine
2 jFunctions jof jPhospholipids j- j✔✔1.) jmajor jrole jis jstructural j(less jenergy)
2.) jmore jpolar jthan jsterol j& jTGs j(constituents jof jcell jmembranes, jexpressed jon
jsurface jof jlipoproteins; jstabilizing jparticles jin jaqueous jmedium)
Linoleic jAcid j- j✔✔18:2, jw-6; j18:2 jdelta j9, j12
Alpha-Linolenic jAcid j- j✔✔18:3 jw-3; j18:3 jdelta j9, j12, j15 j(makes jEPA j& jDHA)
Bile jis jproduced jin jthe j_____________________ j& jis jstored jin jthe
j______________________. j- j✔✔produced jin jliver, jstored jin jgallbladder
Bile jis jan jimportant jcomponent jin jwhat? j- j✔✔cholesterol
What jhappens jto jbile jin jthe jileum? j- j✔✔bile jis jreabsorbed j& jreturned jto jliver jto jbe
jrecycled
Cholesterol jDigestion j- j✔✔esterfied jcholesterol jis jhydrolyzed jby jcholesterase jto jfree
jcholesterol j& ja jFA
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2 jNomenclature jSystems jfor jLipids j- j✔✔1.) jomega j(w) jsystem
2.) jdelta jsystem
Omega j(w) jSystem j- j✔✔denote jcarbon jnumber, jnumber jof jdouble jbonds, j& jposition
jof jdouble jbond jclosest jto jmethyl jend j(counts jfrom jmethyl jend) j(i.e. j18:2, jw-6)
Delta jSystem j- j✔✔denote jcarbon jnumber, jnumber jof jdouble jbonds, j& jposition jof jany
jdouble jbonds jpresent j(counts jfrom jcarboxylic jacid jend) j(i.e. j18:2, jdelta j9, j12)
Can jEssential jFatty jAcids jbe jsynthesized jin jhuman jbody/animal jcells? jWhy jor jwhy
jnot? j- j✔✔cannot jbe jsynthesized jin jthe jbody/animal jcells; jmust jbe jacquired jin jthe jdiet
jb/c jthere jis jno jenzyme jincorporating jdouble jbonds j@ jdelta j12 j& jdelta j15
EFA's jproduce jwhat? j- j✔✔eicosanoids
Eicosanoids j- j✔✔derived jfrom j20-C junsaturated jfatty jacids
3 jtypes jof jeicosanoids j- j✔✔1.) jprostaglandins
2.) jthromboxanes
3.) jleukotrienes
Omega-3 jFatty jAcids j(eicosanoids) j& jthe jInflammatory jResponse j- j✔✔anti-
inflammatory; jreduces jinflammatory jresponse j(good)
Omega-6 jFatty jAcids j(eicosanoids) j& jthe jInflammatory jResponse j- j✔✔pro-
inflammatory; jinduces jinflammatory jresponse j(bad)
Triglycerides jSturcutre j- j✔✔trihydroxy jalcohol j& jglycerol jattached jto j3 jFAs jby jester
jbonds
Triglycerides jaccount jfor j____% jof jdietary jlipids j- j✔✔95%
___________________________ jare jthe jmajor jform jof jstored jbody jfats. j-
j✔✔triglycerides
Triglycerides jcan jexist jas jwhat j2 jthings? j- j✔✔fats jor joils
, Oils j- j✔✔triglycerides jw/ jhigh jproportion jof jshort jchain jFAs jor junsaturated jFA; jliquid
j@ jroom jtemperature
Fats j- j✔✔triglycerides jmostly jsaturated jFAs jw/ jlonger jchain; jsolids j@ jroom jtemp
Cholesterol j- j✔✔most jcommon jsterol jin janimal jtissue; janimal jsterol
Cholesterol jStructure j- j✔✔steroid jring jstructure
2 jForms jof jCholesterol j- j✔✔1.) jfree jform
2.) jcholesteryl jesters
Cholesteryl jEsters j- j✔✔-OH jgroup jis jesterfied jw/ jFA
2 jFunctions jof jCholesterol j- j✔✔1.) jcomponent jcell jmembranes, jesp. jnervous
jmembrane j
2.) jserves jas jprecursor jfor jother jimportant jsteroids jin jthe jbody j(bile jacids, jsteroid jsex
jhormones, jvitamin jD)
Phospholipids jStructure j- j✔✔contains jphosphate j& j1 jor jmore jFA
2 jClasses jof jPhospholipids j- j✔✔1.) jglycerophosphatides
2.) jspingophosphatides
Lecithin jis ja jwhat? j- j✔✔phosphatidylcholine
2 jFunctions jof jPhospholipids j- j✔✔1.) jmajor jrole jis jstructural j(less jenergy)
2.) jmore jpolar jthan jsterol j& jTGs j(constituents jof jcell jmembranes, jexpressed jon
jsurface jof jlipoproteins; jstabilizing jparticles jin jaqueous jmedium)
Linoleic jAcid j- j✔✔18:2, jw-6; j18:2 jdelta j9, j12
Alpha-Linolenic jAcid j- j✔✔18:3 jw-3; j18:3 jdelta j9, j12, j15 j(makes jEPA j& jDHA)
Bile jis jproduced jin jthe j_____________________ j& jis jstored jin jthe
j______________________. j- j✔✔produced jin jliver, jstored jin jgallbladder
Bile jis jan jimportant jcomponent jin jwhat? j- j✔✔cholesterol
What jhappens jto jbile jin jthe jileum? j- j✔✔bile jis jreabsorbed j& jreturned jto jliver jto jbe
jrecycled
Cholesterol jDigestion j- j✔✔esterfied jcholesterol jis jhydrolyzed jby jcholesterase jto jfree
jcholesterol j& ja jFA
