gerontological nursing- Eliopoulos
Exam Questions With New Update
Solutions
older adults are generally defined as - Answer-individuals age 65 and older
/.categorization of older individuals - Answer-young-old: 60-74
old-old: 75-100
centurians: over 100
/.What is aging - Answer-it is a Natural process- no single known factor causes or
prevents aging
/.what is ageism - Answer-- Prejudices and stereotypes applied to older people solely
on the basis of their age
- Derogatory attitude
- Stems from society's anxiety of aging and cultural emphasis on youth, physical beauty
/.factors that influence aging - Answer-unique to the individual: heredity, $ affect choices
in nutrition, environment, activity, stress/empowerment, life exposures and experiences,
smoking and drugs, even simple things like play and laughter
/.what does gerontological nursing involve___________ and strive to - Answer-involves:
promotion of highest quality of life and wellness
to: achieve optimal levels of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual health end
result=WHOLENESS
/.how is the quality of life measured - Answer-by the things that keep them going not
their set backs
/.common needs important to older
adult population - Answer-Connection- family, society, their culture
Gratification- purpose, pleasure and dignity(let them help)
physiological needs: respiration, circulation, nutrition, hydration elimination, movement,
rest, comfort, immunity, and risk reduction
/.leading chronic conditions : age 65> - Answer-arthritis,HTN,hearing impairment, visual
disturbences (glaucoma macular degeneration)DM,
/.are psychosocial patterns consistant throughout the lifespan? - Answer-yes
, /.how can nurses promote joy and a sense of purpose to the elder population - Answer-
by viewing old age as an oppertunity to continued developement and satisfaction- rather
than a depressing useless period of life
/.biological theories tell us that - Answer-there is no fountain of youth, no two individuals
will age the same
/.Genetic theory - Answer-people inherit a genetic program- determines life expectancy
/.Error theory - Answer-genetic mutations are involved, causing organ decline as a
result of cellular mutation ( after a certain time, something goes wrong)
/.Cross- Linkage theory - Answer-cellular division threatened resulting from radiation,
chemical reactions, affects DNA and destroys connective tissue/ collegen(elasticity
breaks down) by stiffening protein chains making them less able to function (stiffening of
proteins=rough skin stiff joints)
/.Evolution theory tells us that differences in aging and longevity occur due to - Answer-
natural selection/mutation
/.mutation theory - Answer-occurs due to decrease in natural selection with age
mutations that effect children will eventually be eliminated (used to be known as survival
of the fitest)
/.disposable soma theory - Answer-aging is related to the use of bodys energy rather
than to genetics
/.Free Radical theory - Answer-since free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an
extra charge- resulting from O2metabolism and other things. *they damage proteins,
enzymes and DNA - self perpetuating- they replace healthy molecules with faulty ones.
/.what aids in moving free radicals - Answer-Antioxidants, C , E, Niacin , B carotene
/.lipofusion therapy - Answer-oxidation of unsat fats "age pigments" by products have a
similar rule as free radicals
accumulation= interferes with diffusion and transport of essential metabolites
/.what are the primary organs of the immune system believed to be affected by aging
process - Answer-the thymus and bone marrow
why? the wt of thymus decreases (p/30) as does ability to produce T cell diffrentiation.
bone marrow perform less efficiently-- the body immunochemical memory system
causes it to misinterperate NL cells as foreign
/.wear and tear theory attribute aging to - Answer-repeated use and injury of the body
over time, like any complicated machine- function less efficiently. (brusitis)
Exam Questions With New Update
Solutions
older adults are generally defined as - Answer-individuals age 65 and older
/.categorization of older individuals - Answer-young-old: 60-74
old-old: 75-100
centurians: over 100
/.What is aging - Answer-it is a Natural process- no single known factor causes or
prevents aging
/.what is ageism - Answer-- Prejudices and stereotypes applied to older people solely
on the basis of their age
- Derogatory attitude
- Stems from society's anxiety of aging and cultural emphasis on youth, physical beauty
/.factors that influence aging - Answer-unique to the individual: heredity, $ affect choices
in nutrition, environment, activity, stress/empowerment, life exposures and experiences,
smoking and drugs, even simple things like play and laughter
/.what does gerontological nursing involve___________ and strive to - Answer-involves:
promotion of highest quality of life and wellness
to: achieve optimal levels of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual health end
result=WHOLENESS
/.how is the quality of life measured - Answer-by the things that keep them going not
their set backs
/.common needs important to older
adult population - Answer-Connection- family, society, their culture
Gratification- purpose, pleasure and dignity(let them help)
physiological needs: respiration, circulation, nutrition, hydration elimination, movement,
rest, comfort, immunity, and risk reduction
/.leading chronic conditions : age 65> - Answer-arthritis,HTN,hearing impairment, visual
disturbences (glaucoma macular degeneration)DM,
/.are psychosocial patterns consistant throughout the lifespan? - Answer-yes
, /.how can nurses promote joy and a sense of purpose to the elder population - Answer-
by viewing old age as an oppertunity to continued developement and satisfaction- rather
than a depressing useless period of life
/.biological theories tell us that - Answer-there is no fountain of youth, no two individuals
will age the same
/.Genetic theory - Answer-people inherit a genetic program- determines life expectancy
/.Error theory - Answer-genetic mutations are involved, causing organ decline as a
result of cellular mutation ( after a certain time, something goes wrong)
/.Cross- Linkage theory - Answer-cellular division threatened resulting from radiation,
chemical reactions, affects DNA and destroys connective tissue/ collegen(elasticity
breaks down) by stiffening protein chains making them less able to function (stiffening of
proteins=rough skin stiff joints)
/.Evolution theory tells us that differences in aging and longevity occur due to - Answer-
natural selection/mutation
/.mutation theory - Answer-occurs due to decrease in natural selection with age
mutations that effect children will eventually be eliminated (used to be known as survival
of the fitest)
/.disposable soma theory - Answer-aging is related to the use of bodys energy rather
than to genetics
/.Free Radical theory - Answer-since free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an
extra charge- resulting from O2metabolism and other things. *they damage proteins,
enzymes and DNA - self perpetuating- they replace healthy molecules with faulty ones.
/.what aids in moving free radicals - Answer-Antioxidants, C , E, Niacin , B carotene
/.lipofusion therapy - Answer-oxidation of unsat fats "age pigments" by products have a
similar rule as free radicals
accumulation= interferes with diffusion and transport of essential metabolites
/.what are the primary organs of the immune system believed to be affected by aging
process - Answer-the thymus and bone marrow
why? the wt of thymus decreases (p/30) as does ability to produce T cell diffrentiation.
bone marrow perform less efficiently-- the body immunochemical memory system
causes it to misinterperate NL cells as foreign
/.wear and tear theory attribute aging to - Answer-repeated use and injury of the body
over time, like any complicated machine- function less efficiently. (brusitis)
