Body Function and Structures Exam
|Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Peripheral Nerves - ✔️✔️Sensory receptors located throughout the body
Categorized into 3 groups:
Exteroceptors, Interoceptors, Proprioceptors
Exteroceptors - ✔️✔️Info from outside the body
Interoceptors - ✔️✔️Info from inside the body
Proprioceptors - ✔️✔️Info about the state and position of musculoskeletal system.
Receptors - ✔️✔️Special, Cutaneous, Proprioceptive
Special Receptors - ✔️✔️Taste, smell, vision, hearing and vestibular
Cranial nerves
Cutaneous Receptors - ✔️✔️Touch, pressure, or stretch of the skin during movement or
interaction
Proprioceptive Receptors - ✔️✔️Muscle spindle
Golgi tendon organs
Joint reeptors
Muscle Spindle - ✔️✔️Stretch reflex: simple reflex arc that remains at the spinal cord level (i.e.
not sent to the cerebral level); ex: knee jerk
,Reciprocol innervation
Reciprocol innervation - ✔️✔️When an agonist muscle receives a signal to contract, the
antagonist will receive a signal to relax
Allows for fluidity in human movement
Joint Receptors - ✔️✔️Located within joint structures, joint capsule and ligaments
Signal joint position, detect end of a joint range, and give information to the CNS regarding joint
range of motion (ROM)
Somatic Nervous System - ✔️✔️Responds to stimuli from external environment
Autonomic Nervous System - ✔️✔️Visceral nervous system
Controls activity of glands, smooth muscle, internal organs and blood vessels
Regulates circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolism, secretion, body temperature, and
reproduction
Further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔️✔️Primary role: maintain optimal blood supply in the organs
Stimulates smooth muscle in the walls of the blood vessels, maintaining contraction of the
vessel walls
i.e. response to fear (fight or flight): blood flow is increased (increase heart rate and blood
pressure) and digestion decreases
Autonomic Dysreflexia - ✔️✔️ANS is no longer under CNS control due to spinal cord injury
State of disarray or dysreflexia can occur
Sustained SCI above T6
The body will perceive a signal incorrectly an elicit an emergency sympathetic response
, Removal of the irritant will reverse the symptoms
Parasympathetic Nervous System - ✔️✔️Maintains homeostasis and balanced body functions
Receives information from brainstem, several cranial nerves and lower sacral segments of the
spinal cord
Muscle Tissue - ✔️✔️Smooth: Organ structures that move substances through the body
Cardiac: Muscle tissue found in the heart
Skeletal: Voluntary muscle tissue
Functional Characteristics of Muscle Tissue - ✔️✔️Properties:
Irritability, Contractibility, Extensibility, Elasticity
Irritability - ✔️✔️Ability to contract when stimulated
Contractibility - ✔️✔️Ability to contract or shorten
Extensibility - ✔️✔️Ability to relax or lengthen
Elasticity - ✔️✔️Ability to recoil or return to its normal resting length
Muscle must be able to build up tension to recoil
Naming Muscles - ✔️✔️Location
Shape
Action
Size
Number of attachment sites
|Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Peripheral Nerves - ✔️✔️Sensory receptors located throughout the body
Categorized into 3 groups:
Exteroceptors, Interoceptors, Proprioceptors
Exteroceptors - ✔️✔️Info from outside the body
Interoceptors - ✔️✔️Info from inside the body
Proprioceptors - ✔️✔️Info about the state and position of musculoskeletal system.
Receptors - ✔️✔️Special, Cutaneous, Proprioceptive
Special Receptors - ✔️✔️Taste, smell, vision, hearing and vestibular
Cranial nerves
Cutaneous Receptors - ✔️✔️Touch, pressure, or stretch of the skin during movement or
interaction
Proprioceptive Receptors - ✔️✔️Muscle spindle
Golgi tendon organs
Joint reeptors
Muscle Spindle - ✔️✔️Stretch reflex: simple reflex arc that remains at the spinal cord level (i.e.
not sent to the cerebral level); ex: knee jerk
,Reciprocol innervation
Reciprocol innervation - ✔️✔️When an agonist muscle receives a signal to contract, the
antagonist will receive a signal to relax
Allows for fluidity in human movement
Joint Receptors - ✔️✔️Located within joint structures, joint capsule and ligaments
Signal joint position, detect end of a joint range, and give information to the CNS regarding joint
range of motion (ROM)
Somatic Nervous System - ✔️✔️Responds to stimuli from external environment
Autonomic Nervous System - ✔️✔️Visceral nervous system
Controls activity of glands, smooth muscle, internal organs and blood vessels
Regulates circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolism, secretion, body temperature, and
reproduction
Further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔️✔️Primary role: maintain optimal blood supply in the organs
Stimulates smooth muscle in the walls of the blood vessels, maintaining contraction of the
vessel walls
i.e. response to fear (fight or flight): blood flow is increased (increase heart rate and blood
pressure) and digestion decreases
Autonomic Dysreflexia - ✔️✔️ANS is no longer under CNS control due to spinal cord injury
State of disarray or dysreflexia can occur
Sustained SCI above T6
The body will perceive a signal incorrectly an elicit an emergency sympathetic response
, Removal of the irritant will reverse the symptoms
Parasympathetic Nervous System - ✔️✔️Maintains homeostasis and balanced body functions
Receives information from brainstem, several cranial nerves and lower sacral segments of the
spinal cord
Muscle Tissue - ✔️✔️Smooth: Organ structures that move substances through the body
Cardiac: Muscle tissue found in the heart
Skeletal: Voluntary muscle tissue
Functional Characteristics of Muscle Tissue - ✔️✔️Properties:
Irritability, Contractibility, Extensibility, Elasticity
Irritability - ✔️✔️Ability to contract when stimulated
Contractibility - ✔️✔️Ability to contract or shorten
Extensibility - ✔️✔️Ability to relax or lengthen
Elasticity - ✔️✔️Ability to recoil or return to its normal resting length
Muscle must be able to build up tension to recoil
Naming Muscles - ✔️✔️Location
Shape
Action
Size
Number of attachment sites
