NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 with correct answers
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔can use urine, saliva, or
serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective
tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate
or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-
inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of
inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced
by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte
to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages
of acute inflammation
,Monocytes - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell
immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Stimulates production of acute phase
reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Promotes production and
maturation of neutrophils
Complement - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form
fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain,
fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
, COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Protect gastric mucosa-
prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can
impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric
ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and
prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)
Type 1 hypersensitivity - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔E. Immediate response to allergen, food,
meds, pollen, asthma, allergic reactions
P. IgE binds with antigen at 1st exposure. Antigen binds with this complex at 2nd exposure.
Inflammatory cascade initiates.
C.M. Urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Atopic disorders - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Genetic Type 1 hypersensitivity, asthma, hay fever,
eczema, urticaria
Type 2 hypersensitivity - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔E. Antibodies directed against fixed
antigens on the plasma membrane of cells
C.M. Varies depending on alloimmune or autoimmune
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔can use urine, saliva, or
serum (most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective
tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate
or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-
inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of
inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced
by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte
to the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages
of acute inflammation
,Monocytes - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell
immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Stimulates production of acute phase
reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Promotes production and
maturation of neutrophils
Complement - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form
fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain,
fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
, COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Protect gastric mucosa-
prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can
impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric
ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and
prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)
Type 1 hypersensitivity - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔E. Immediate response to allergen, food,
meds, pollen, asthma, allergic reactions
P. IgE binds with antigen at 1st exposure. Antigen binds with this complex at 2nd exposure.
Inflammatory cascade initiates.
C.M. Urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Atopic disorders - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Genetic Type 1 hypersensitivity, asthma, hay fever,
eczema, urticaria
Type 2 hypersensitivity - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔E. Antibodies directed against fixed
antigens on the plasma membrane of cells
C.M. Varies depending on alloimmune or autoimmune
