Anatomy and Physiology
Lab 1 and 2 :
Language of Anatomy and Organ System
GROSS ANATOMY : The study of body structures visible to the naked eye
Anatomical Position
ANATOMICAL POSITION: standard position ; human body is erect, with feet only slightly
apart, head and toes pointed foward, arm hanging at the side
with palms facing foward
Regional Anatomy
REGIONAL ANATOMY: the body is divided into two main regions, axial and appendicular region
AXIAL REGION: region of the body inconsistent of the head, neck and trunk and runs along the
vertical axis of the body
APPENDICULAR REGION: region of the body consisting of the limbs (extremities)
Directional Terms
SUPERIOR/INFERIOR: above/below the long axis of the body
ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR: front/back; areas facing foward such as face and chest / areas facing
back
MEDIAL/LATERAL: toward the middle of the
body/ to the left or right
Superior( cephalad)
CEPHALAD/CAUDAL: interchangeable with
superior and posterior
VENTRAL/DORSAL: *Superior and Inferior
Superior( dorsal)
for animals
interchangeable with anterior and Posterior(Dorsal)
Anterior(Ventral)
posterior
Proximal
PROXIMAL/DISTAL: closer to the trunk/ Posterior( Anteri
farther from the trunk caudal) (cepha
closer to skin/ Distal
SUPERFICIAL/DEEP:
closer to organs Inferior(caudal) Inferior(ventral)
, Body Planes and Cavities
(B) Frontal(coronal) Plane
The body is 3-dimensional, so
in order to observe its internal
structures it is divided into
sections. When a section is
made through an organ it's
made along an imaginary line
or plane.
(A)Medial(midsagittal) Plane (C) Transverse
MEDIAN(MIDSAGITIAL) PLANE: runs longitudinal and divides the body into right and left part
FRONTAL(CORONAL) PLANE: a longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into
anterior and posterior parts
TRANSVERSE PLANE: runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior
Body Cavities Diagram
Cranial Cranial
Cavity Cavity
Vertebral Cavity
Dorsal body cavity Pleural
cavity
Thoracic
Mediastinum
Cavity
Pericardial
Cavity
Vertebral
Cavity Ventral
Abd Cavity
Diaphragm body cavity
omin
Abdominal Cavity
o-p
elvic
Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity Pelvic Cavity
(A) Lateral View (B) Anterior View
Dorsal Body Cavity
The dorsal cavity contains the brain and the spine. It is divided into
the cranial cavity, which lies within the rigid skull and encases the
brain, and the vertebral or (spinal) cavity , which runs through the
bony vertebral column to enclose the delicate spinal cord.
Lab 1 and 2 :
Language of Anatomy and Organ System
GROSS ANATOMY : The study of body structures visible to the naked eye
Anatomical Position
ANATOMICAL POSITION: standard position ; human body is erect, with feet only slightly
apart, head and toes pointed foward, arm hanging at the side
with palms facing foward
Regional Anatomy
REGIONAL ANATOMY: the body is divided into two main regions, axial and appendicular region
AXIAL REGION: region of the body inconsistent of the head, neck and trunk and runs along the
vertical axis of the body
APPENDICULAR REGION: region of the body consisting of the limbs (extremities)
Directional Terms
SUPERIOR/INFERIOR: above/below the long axis of the body
ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR: front/back; areas facing foward such as face and chest / areas facing
back
MEDIAL/LATERAL: toward the middle of the
body/ to the left or right
Superior( cephalad)
CEPHALAD/CAUDAL: interchangeable with
superior and posterior
VENTRAL/DORSAL: *Superior and Inferior
Superior( dorsal)
for animals
interchangeable with anterior and Posterior(Dorsal)
Anterior(Ventral)
posterior
Proximal
PROXIMAL/DISTAL: closer to the trunk/ Posterior( Anteri
farther from the trunk caudal) (cepha
closer to skin/ Distal
SUPERFICIAL/DEEP:
closer to organs Inferior(caudal) Inferior(ventral)
, Body Planes and Cavities
(B) Frontal(coronal) Plane
The body is 3-dimensional, so
in order to observe its internal
structures it is divided into
sections. When a section is
made through an organ it's
made along an imaginary line
or plane.
(A)Medial(midsagittal) Plane (C) Transverse
MEDIAN(MIDSAGITIAL) PLANE: runs longitudinal and divides the body into right and left part
FRONTAL(CORONAL) PLANE: a longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into
anterior and posterior parts
TRANSVERSE PLANE: runs horizontally, dividing the body into superior and inferior
Body Cavities Diagram
Cranial Cranial
Cavity Cavity
Vertebral Cavity
Dorsal body cavity Pleural
cavity
Thoracic
Mediastinum
Cavity
Pericardial
Cavity
Vertebral
Cavity Ventral
Abd Cavity
Diaphragm body cavity
omin
Abdominal Cavity
o-p
elvic
Dorsal body cavity
Ventral body cavity Pelvic Cavity
(A) Lateral View (B) Anterior View
Dorsal Body Cavity
The dorsal cavity contains the brain and the spine. It is divided into
the cranial cavity, which lies within the rigid skull and encases the
brain, and the vertebral or (spinal) cavity , which runs through the
bony vertebral column to enclose the delicate spinal cord.
