NURS 2518 EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
Ageism and its impacts
stereotypes surrounding older people based solely on their age.
Being young, anxious about death increase the risk of being ageist.
-Impacts: worse quality of life, excluded from opportunities, shorter life span, reduces
their commitment to the workplace.
model of chronic illness
Focuses on one's perspective and the shifting of this perspective
-Focuses on health within illness
-Focuses on recognizing how someone is responding to disease
Collection of ADL information
Can be done through self or family report, observation, performance based, or through
an index.
Katz index: ranks the degree of dependency based on being able to perform 6 self-care
activities.
Barthel index: more specific descriptions of assistance required.
Functional independence
measure: measures mobility cognition, social functioning, and ADL's
,limitations of ADL indexes
does not always identify the certain deficit in living which wont give a appropriate
intervention. Performance measure provide information on doing the ADL's and address
factors.
Mobility and injuries that can impair it.
process of physical movement, including simple and complex movements.
Bones: broken bones and conditions like osteoporosis.
Muscles: strength can effect certain movements, muscle tears.
Brain: if certain parts are damaged, it can lose brain function in movement.
Nerves: impulses slow down as we age which decreases reaction time.
age related changes to mobility
Joint, and ligaments: become dry, hardened, and less flexible.
Bone mass: bone density decreases, and the become more brittle and fragile.
Muscles: muscles loose elasticity, flexibility, range of motion.
Kyphosis: curvature of the upper back due o thinning of the vertebral disks.
Gait: narrowing base, wider sway, and slower step. Reaction time is reduced and a
reliance of proprioception.
,Osteoarthritis
Damage of lining in the joints. Bones begin to rub together causing joint destruction.
Is speculated to be due to failed attempts at repairing joint tissues that were originally
damaged
symptoms and aids for osteoarthritis
Symptoms: decreased range of motion, stiffness, pain, and joint instability.
Aids: healthy body weight, staying physically active, protecting joints, surgery,
supportive devices, and pain medication
Parkinsons
chronic condition that has no cure, wide range of symptoms that can progress over
many years.
Cause: occurs due to the gradual loss of dopamine producing cells in the substantia
nigra, which is where the spinal cord meets the midbrain. Dopamine has a role in
intentional movement and nonmovement symptoms.
symptoms and aids of parkinsons
bradykinesia, tremors, cogwheel rigidity, postural instability, pain, cognitive
impairment, incontinence, sexual dysfunction, excessive sweating, and salivation.
Aids: help relieve symptoms, preserve self-care, decrease risk of injury, and prevent
excess disability. Lev-dopa can help increase dopamine levels, but cannot reduce the
degenerative effect
, Mobility benefits
Practices: exercise, optimal nutrition, obesity management, adequate rest, preventing
injury.
Reduces: mortality, cardiovascular disease, risk of stroke, risk of dementia.
Improves: functional status, quality of life, self-esteem, and physical health
older adult activity guidelines
Physical activity: moderate to vigorous exercise 150 minutes per week with lots of light
activities.
-muscle strengthening exercises twice a week. Limiting sedentary time to 8 hours.
Sleep: 7 to 8 hours of sleep on a regular basis with consistent times.
Adults should be eased into this plan if its not their normal
falls and impaired mobility
happens with 20-30% of older adults, accounting for 80% of injuries.
Inpatient settings: inadequate assessment, improper footwear, environmental safety
and insomnia
fall risk factors
Ageism and its impacts
stereotypes surrounding older people based solely on their age.
Being young, anxious about death increase the risk of being ageist.
-Impacts: worse quality of life, excluded from opportunities, shorter life span, reduces
their commitment to the workplace.
model of chronic illness
Focuses on one's perspective and the shifting of this perspective
-Focuses on health within illness
-Focuses on recognizing how someone is responding to disease
Collection of ADL information
Can be done through self or family report, observation, performance based, or through
an index.
Katz index: ranks the degree of dependency based on being able to perform 6 self-care
activities.
Barthel index: more specific descriptions of assistance required.
Functional independence
measure: measures mobility cognition, social functioning, and ADL's
,limitations of ADL indexes
does not always identify the certain deficit in living which wont give a appropriate
intervention. Performance measure provide information on doing the ADL's and address
factors.
Mobility and injuries that can impair it.
process of physical movement, including simple and complex movements.
Bones: broken bones and conditions like osteoporosis.
Muscles: strength can effect certain movements, muscle tears.
Brain: if certain parts are damaged, it can lose brain function in movement.
Nerves: impulses slow down as we age which decreases reaction time.
age related changes to mobility
Joint, and ligaments: become dry, hardened, and less flexible.
Bone mass: bone density decreases, and the become more brittle and fragile.
Muscles: muscles loose elasticity, flexibility, range of motion.
Kyphosis: curvature of the upper back due o thinning of the vertebral disks.
Gait: narrowing base, wider sway, and slower step. Reaction time is reduced and a
reliance of proprioception.
,Osteoarthritis
Damage of lining in the joints. Bones begin to rub together causing joint destruction.
Is speculated to be due to failed attempts at repairing joint tissues that were originally
damaged
symptoms and aids for osteoarthritis
Symptoms: decreased range of motion, stiffness, pain, and joint instability.
Aids: healthy body weight, staying physically active, protecting joints, surgery,
supportive devices, and pain medication
Parkinsons
chronic condition that has no cure, wide range of symptoms that can progress over
many years.
Cause: occurs due to the gradual loss of dopamine producing cells in the substantia
nigra, which is where the spinal cord meets the midbrain. Dopamine has a role in
intentional movement and nonmovement symptoms.
symptoms and aids of parkinsons
bradykinesia, tremors, cogwheel rigidity, postural instability, pain, cognitive
impairment, incontinence, sexual dysfunction, excessive sweating, and salivation.
Aids: help relieve symptoms, preserve self-care, decrease risk of injury, and prevent
excess disability. Lev-dopa can help increase dopamine levels, but cannot reduce the
degenerative effect
, Mobility benefits
Practices: exercise, optimal nutrition, obesity management, adequate rest, preventing
injury.
Reduces: mortality, cardiovascular disease, risk of stroke, risk of dementia.
Improves: functional status, quality of life, self-esteem, and physical health
older adult activity guidelines
Physical activity: moderate to vigorous exercise 150 minutes per week with lots of light
activities.
-muscle strengthening exercises twice a week. Limiting sedentary time to 8 hours.
Sleep: 7 to 8 hours of sleep on a regular basis with consistent times.
Adults should be eased into this plan if its not their normal
falls and impaired mobility
happens with 20-30% of older adults, accounting for 80% of injuries.
Inpatient settings: inadequate assessment, improper footwear, environmental safety
and insomnia
fall risk factors
