ILTS 305 Math

linear expression - answer-expression with variables that have an exponent of 1 linear equation - answer-an equation whose graph is a straight line. Ax+By=C, slope = -A/B, y intercepts = C/B slope-intercept form - answer-y=mx+b, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept of the line. solving equations with roots - answer- Inequalities - answer-Algebraic statements that have ≠, , , ≤, or ≥ as their symbols of comparison. Cartesian Coordinate Plane - answer-a plane divided into four quadrants by the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis at the origin Graphing Inequalities - answer-A solid line means the inequality is ≥ or ≤. A dotted line means the inequality is or . systems of equations - answer-A set of two or more equations with the same variables. consistent equations - answer-a system of linear equations that contain at least one common point inconsistent equation - answer-an equation with no solution Substitution - answer-An algebraic model that can be used to find the exact solution of a system of equations elimination - answer- Polynomial - answer-A monomial (single variable) or the sum of monomials. They are algebraic expressions. x, 2/x, or 2x F.O.I.L method of multiplication - answer-A technique for distributing two binomials. The letters FOIL stand for First, Outer, Inner, Last. First means multiply the terms which occur first in each binomial. Then Outer means multiply the outermost terms in the product. Inner means multiply the innermost two terms. Last means multiply the terms which occur last in each binomial. Then simplify the products and combine any like terms which may occur. Dividing Polynomials - answer-To divide every polynomial by a monomial, divide by EVERY term of the polynomial. Use Exponent Rules to simplify. Quotient + Remainder/ Divisor quadratic equation - answer-an equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a ≠ 0 Absolute Function - answer-f(x)=|x| piecewise function - answer-a function composed of 2 or more functions quadratic function - answer-A function in which the greatest power of the variable is 2. rational function - answer-a function which is the ratio of 2 polynomials step function - answer-a function whose graph is a series of line segments exponential function - answer-a function of the form f(x) = ab^x, where a and b are real numbers with a ≠ 0, b0, and b ≠ 1 logarithmic function - answer-the inverse of an exponential function trigonometry function - answer-function that relates the angle of a triangle to the length of its sides; for example: sin, cos, tan, csc, sec, cot Fundamental Theorem of Algebra - answer-Every polynomial equation with degree greater than zero has at least one root in the set of complex numbers. Precision - answer-the exactness of a measurement Accuracy - answer-how close a measurement is to the true value Approximate error - answer-amount of error involved in a physical measurement Rounding - answer-Expressing a number to the nearest thousandth, hundredth, tenth, one, ten, hundred, thousand, and so on as directed. estimation - answer-A way of making sure your answer is reasonable, rounding is a commonly used strategy scientific notation - answer-a method of expressing numbers as a product of a coefficient and a power of 10 metric measurement - answer-scientists used this cm, g, km, ml 1 pint - answer-16 ounces 1 pound - answer-16 ounces 1 pint - answer-1 pound 1 u.s. ton - answer-2000 lbs 1 metric ton - answer-1000 kg line segment - answer-a part of a line that has two endpoints ray - answer-A part of a line, with one endpoint, that continues without end in one direction intersecting lines - answer-lines that cross at one point concurrent lines - answer-Three or more lines that intersect at a common point perpendicular lines - answer-Lines that intersect to form right angles parrallel lines - answer-lines in the same plane that never intersect transversal lines - answer-a line that intersects two or more lines bisecting lines - answer- perpendicular lines - answer-Lines that intersect to form right angles Projection of a point on a line - answer-the point where a perpendicular through the point to the line intersects the line. Projection of a segment on a line - answer-the portion of a line with endpoints that are the projections of the endpoints of the segment. Plane - answer-A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would wholly lie. complementary angles - answer-Two angles whose sum is 90 degrees supplementary angles - answer-Two angles whose sum is 180 degrees interior angles - answer-angles on the inside of parallel lines cut by a transversal corresponding angles - answer-Angles in the same place on different lines Translation - answer-slides a figure from one position in the plane to another. Dilation - answer-A transformation that changes the size of an object, but not the shape. Reflection - answer-A transformation that "flips" a figure over a mirror or reflection line. polygon - answer-a flat shape with many straight sides apothem of a regular polygon - answer-the perpendicular distance from the center of the polygon to a side convex polygon - answer-has no diagonal with points outside the polygon concave polygon - answer-has at least one diagonal with points outside the polygon Congruence - answer-correspondence of parts; harmonious relationship; CF. congruity Area of a triangle - answer-A=1/2bh Perimeter of a triangle - answer-P=a+b+c quadrilateral - answer-a four-sided polygon, interior angles sum 360 degrees Area of a trapezoid - answer-A=1/2h(b1+b2) Area of a parallelogram - answer-A=bh Area of a rectangle - answer-A=lw Area of a rhombus - answer-A=1/2d1d2 where d1 and d2 are the diagonals. Area of a square - answer-A=s² Area of a circle - answer-A=πr² Circumference of a circle - answer-2πr or πd Surface area of a sphere - answer-4πr² Volume of a prism - answer-V=Bh Surface Area of a Prism - answer-2B+Ph Surface area of a rectangular prism - answer-SA=2lw+2lh+2wh Volume of a cube - answer-V=s^3 Volume of a cylinder - answer-V=πr²h Volume of a pyramid - answer-V=1/3Bh Surface Area of a Pyramid - answer-B+1/2Pl (Perimeter) L (slant height Volume of a cone - answer-1/3πr²h scalene triangle - answer-a triangle with no equal sides or angles obtuse triangle - answer-A triangle with one angle that is greater than 90 degrees. isosceles triangle - answer-a triangle with at least two congruent sides equilateral triangle - answer-a triangle with 3 congruent sides, all angles 60 degrees Pythagorean Theorem - answer-a²+b²=c² where c always represents the hypotenuse and a and b represent the other sides of a right triangle Triganometry - answer- minor arc - answer-An arc of a circle whose measure is less than 180 degrees. major arc - answer-An arc of a circle whose measure is greater than 180 degrees. Angles of a Circle - answer-360 degrees inscribed angle - answer-an angle whose vertex is on the circle tangent circles - answer-coplanar circles that intersect in one point Ellipse - answer-A regular oval shape, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base. Parabola - answer-The shape of the graph of a quadratic function Hyperbole - answer-set of all points in a plane from two fixed points. Probability - answer-likelihood that a particular event will occur mutually exclusive - answer-Events that cannot occur at the same time. Theoretical Probability - answer-What should occur or what we expect to happen in an experiment Sample Space (Probability) - answer-the set of all possible outcomes Distribution (probability) - answer-spread of probable outcomes tree diagram (probability) - answer-a diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes in an experiment odds in favor of an event occurring - answer-number of times the event will occur compared to the number of times the event will not occur. 2:5 Conditional Probability - answer-the probability of an event ( A ), given that another ( B ) has already occurred. Two-Way Frequency Table - answer-A table that displays the frequencies of data in two different categories multiplication rule - answer-To determine the probability, we multiply the probability of one event by the probability of another. expected value - answer-the average of each possible outcome of a future event, weighted by its probability of occurring Quantitative data - answer-numerical data qualitative data - answer-descriptive data measure of central tendencies - answer-a single value that describes the way in which a group of data cluster around a central value. To put in other words, it is a way to describe the center of a data set. mean - answer-average M