NUR 4445 Immunizations & Communicable
Diseases
1. What are ways in which a child gains passive immunity (2)?
Answer
- Maternal antibodies in the placenta and breastmilk
- Exogenous administration of an antibody (i.e., IVIG, monoclonal antibody treatment for
COVID)
2. What are ways in which a child gains active immunity (2)?
Answer
Developed in the body
- Immunization
- Natural disease
3. What is herd immunity?
Answer
When a majority of a population are vaccinated against a disease. This means that even people who
have not been vaccinated are less likely to get it because there are fewer people to catch it from.
4. immunity can decrease future response to the same pathogen
Answer
active
5. Why do we encourage vaccinations (2)?
Answer
- Prevent people from catching dis- eases and developing their complications
- Decrease or eliminate infectious diseases from society (herd immunity)
,6. How do vaccines work?
Answer
-Vaccines contain the same antigen as the disease, but killed or weakened so the disease doesn't
occur (except mRNA vaccines)
- Stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the disease
- Immunity is formed
7. When should a child be vaccinated for Hepatitis B? When should each dose be administered?
Answer
- 1st dose at birth
- 2nd dose between 1 month and 2 months
- 3rd dose between 6 months and 18 months
8. When should a child be vaccinated for rotavirus (RV, RVS)? When should each dose be
administered?
Answer
- 1st dose at 2 months
- 2nd dose at 4 months
- 3rd dose at 6 months if receiving RSV vax
9. When should a child be vaccinated for DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and per- tussis)? When
should each dose be administered?
Answer
- 1st dose at 2 months
- 2nd dose at 4 months
- 3rd dose at 6 months
- 4th dose between 15 and 18 months
- 5th dose 4-6 years
10. When should a child be vaccinated for Haemophilus influenzae? When should each dose
be administered?
Answer
- 1st dose at 2 months
, - 2nd dose at 4 months
- 3rd and 4th dose between 12-15 months
11. When should a child receive the pneumococcal conjugate (PCV 13)? When should each
dose be administered?
Answer
- 1st dose at 2 months
- 2nd dose at 4 months
- 3rd dose at 6 months
- 4th dose between 12 and 18 months
12. When should the inactive Polio virus (IPV) be administered to children?
Answer
- 1st dose at 2 months
- 2nd dose at 4 months
- 3rd dose between 6-18 months
- 4th dose between 4-6 years
13. When should annual vaccination against the influenza virus begin? How many doses
should they get annually? When can a child start to receive only 1 dose annually?
Answer
- annual vaccination starting at 6 months-- 2 doses per year
- 1 dose a year starts between 7-10 years
14. When should children be vaccinated against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)? When
should each dose be administered?
Answer
- 1st dose between 12-18 months
- 2nd dose between 4-6 years
15. When should children be vaccinated against varicella (VAR)? When should each dose be
administered?
Diseases
1. What are ways in which a child gains passive immunity (2)?
Answer
- Maternal antibodies in the placenta and breastmilk
- Exogenous administration of an antibody (i.e., IVIG, monoclonal antibody treatment for
COVID)
2. What are ways in which a child gains active immunity (2)?
Answer
Developed in the body
- Immunization
- Natural disease
3. What is herd immunity?
Answer
When a majority of a population are vaccinated against a disease. This means that even people who
have not been vaccinated are less likely to get it because there are fewer people to catch it from.
4. immunity can decrease future response to the same pathogen
Answer
active
5. Why do we encourage vaccinations (2)?
Answer
- Prevent people from catching dis- eases and developing their complications
- Decrease or eliminate infectious diseases from society (herd immunity)
,6. How do vaccines work?
Answer
-Vaccines contain the same antigen as the disease, but killed or weakened so the disease doesn't
occur (except mRNA vaccines)
- Stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the disease
- Immunity is formed
7. When should a child be vaccinated for Hepatitis B? When should each dose be administered?
Answer
- 1st dose at birth
- 2nd dose between 1 month and 2 months
- 3rd dose between 6 months and 18 months
8. When should a child be vaccinated for rotavirus (RV, RVS)? When should each dose be
administered?
Answer
- 1st dose at 2 months
- 2nd dose at 4 months
- 3rd dose at 6 months if receiving RSV vax
9. When should a child be vaccinated for DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and per- tussis)? When
should each dose be administered?
Answer
- 1st dose at 2 months
- 2nd dose at 4 months
- 3rd dose at 6 months
- 4th dose between 15 and 18 months
- 5th dose 4-6 years
10. When should a child be vaccinated for Haemophilus influenzae? When should each dose
be administered?
Answer
- 1st dose at 2 months
, - 2nd dose at 4 months
- 3rd and 4th dose between 12-15 months
11. When should a child receive the pneumococcal conjugate (PCV 13)? When should each
dose be administered?
Answer
- 1st dose at 2 months
- 2nd dose at 4 months
- 3rd dose at 6 months
- 4th dose between 12 and 18 months
12. When should the inactive Polio virus (IPV) be administered to children?
Answer
- 1st dose at 2 months
- 2nd dose at 4 months
- 3rd dose between 6-18 months
- 4th dose between 4-6 years
13. When should annual vaccination against the influenza virus begin? How many doses
should they get annually? When can a child start to receive only 1 dose annually?
Answer
- annual vaccination starting at 6 months-- 2 doses per year
- 1 dose a year starts between 7-10 years
14. When should children be vaccinated against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)? When
should each dose be administered?
Answer
- 1st dose between 12-18 months
- 2nd dose between 4-6 years
15. When should children be vaccinated against varicella (VAR)? When should each dose be
administered?
