11/1/24, 2:25 AM PHIL 101 Final Exam Flashcards | Quizlet
PHIL 101 Final Exam
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Terms in this set (176)
prior to experience. often used to describe a proposition, argument, or value that we
a priori can be certain is true without empirical verification, something derived from pure
reason
A French existentialist known for essays and novels. He dealt with what he felt was
Albert Camus the absurd situation of human beings in which the world is essentially irrational, yet
we still need to find meaning within it.
ancient Greek philosopher. Follower of Socrates. believed happiness consists in
Aristippus
pleasure and is commonly associated with ethical doctrine of hedonism
(384-322 BCE) Believed, unlike his teacher Plato, that philosophers could rely on
Aristotle
their senses to provide accurate information about the world.
Greek Philosopher and scientist, studied under Plato, taught Alexander the Great,
Aristotle emphasized observation and analysis by the "four causes", said virtue was the middle
ground between extremes, men should seek to use their intellect
Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain many aspects of human
Aristotle behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes from sensory
experiences
Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain many aspects of human
Aristotle behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes from sensory
experiences
Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author
of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he
profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to
Aristotle
criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical
observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational
inquiry.
Aristotle was a pupil of Plato; did not accept Plato's theory of ideal forms
Aristotle Who put forms into physical objects?
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1723-1789; "System of Nature"; argued humans were essentially like machines,
Baron D'Holbach completely determined by outside forces (determinism); his staunch atheism,
determinism, and attacks on Christianity undermined the Enlightenment
a maxim that commands moral obligation independent of experience or
categorical imperative
consequences. it is derived from pure reason and always carries overriding value.
Cogito ergo sum I think therefore I am. Descarte
Human actions are free if they are the result of internal motivations, not the product
Compatibalism
of external influences or constraints
The thesis that free will and Determinism is compatible. Soft Determinism is a version
of compatibalism. Hard determinism and Libertarianism are incompatibalist theories.
Compatibalism (if you decide based on internal constraints with no outside influence then you have
free will. If your decision is constrained by outside forces then your decisions are
determined.)
The view that all events, including human actions, are caused. However, we can
Compatibalism consider human actions free if they are the result of internal motivations, not the
product of external influences or constraints
Cultural relativism The view that cultural norms determine what is ethically right and wrong
Wrote "System of Nature", argued that humans were machines governed by outside
D'Holbach forces. He believed that free will, God, and immorality of the soul were myths.
Aggressively atheist.
D'Holbach's views Determinist believed in no "free will" everything has a cause. River analogy
(b. 1942-)the research of this American Philosopher centers on the philosophy of
Daniel C Dennett mind. Particularly as it relates to evolutionary biology and cognitive science
(materialist)(compatibalism)
deductive What kind of argument is a categorical syllogism?
deontology the ethical view that moral value is determined by fulfilling one's duty
An eternal "thinking thing" that is attached to the Pineal Gland in the brain. (mind
Descartes concept of the soul
body dualism)
An ethical approach that simply represents ethical beliefs without evaluating their
Descriptive ethics
accuracy or appropriateness
The doctrine that every event has a cause. Such a doctrine seems to preclude human
freedom by explaining all human behavior in terms of chains of causes that stretch
Determinism
back into the dim recesses of one's heredity and environment. ( you have no free
choice, every decision you make can be traced to a cause from your past)
The view that every event, including human actions,is brought about by previous
determinism events in accordance with universal causal laws that govern the world. Human
freedom is an illusion.
formal system of reasoning that arrives at the truth by the exchange of logical
dialectic reasoning
arguments. (the deeper you question the more you uncover and expose.)
Divine Command Theory The view that we act morally when we do what God Commands us to do.
the view that reality is composed of two different substances, so that neither one can
dualism
be related to the other, thus: spirit/matter, mind/body, good/evil
Efficient The thing that does the changing
Empiricism The position that the senses are primary in acquiring knowledge
the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science
Empiricism
flourishes through observation and experiment.
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PHIL 101 Final Exam
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Terms in this set (176)
prior to experience. often used to describe a proposition, argument, or value that we
a priori can be certain is true without empirical verification, something derived from pure
reason
A French existentialist known for essays and novels. He dealt with what he felt was
Albert Camus the absurd situation of human beings in which the world is essentially irrational, yet
we still need to find meaning within it.
ancient Greek philosopher. Follower of Socrates. believed happiness consists in
Aristippus
pleasure and is commonly associated with ethical doctrine of hedonism
(384-322 BCE) Believed, unlike his teacher Plato, that philosophers could rely on
Aristotle
their senses to provide accurate information about the world.
Greek Philosopher and scientist, studied under Plato, taught Alexander the Great,
Aristotle emphasized observation and analysis by the "four causes", said virtue was the middle
ground between extremes, men should seek to use their intellect
Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain many aspects of human
Aristotle behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes from sensory
experiences
Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain many aspects of human
Aristotle behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes from sensory
experiences
Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author
of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he
profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to
Aristotle
criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical
observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational
inquiry.
Aristotle was a pupil of Plato; did not accept Plato's theory of ideal forms
Aristotle Who put forms into physical objects?
https://quizlet.com/8586313/phil-101-final-exam-flash-cards/ 1/6
, 11/1/24, 2:25 AM PHIL 101 Final Exam Flashcards | Quizlet
1723-1789; "System of Nature"; argued humans were essentially like machines,
Baron D'Holbach completely determined by outside forces (determinism); his staunch atheism,
determinism, and attacks on Christianity undermined the Enlightenment
a maxim that commands moral obligation independent of experience or
categorical imperative
consequences. it is derived from pure reason and always carries overriding value.
Cogito ergo sum I think therefore I am. Descarte
Human actions are free if they are the result of internal motivations, not the product
Compatibalism
of external influences or constraints
The thesis that free will and Determinism is compatible. Soft Determinism is a version
of compatibalism. Hard determinism and Libertarianism are incompatibalist theories.
Compatibalism (if you decide based on internal constraints with no outside influence then you have
free will. If your decision is constrained by outside forces then your decisions are
determined.)
The view that all events, including human actions, are caused. However, we can
Compatibalism consider human actions free if they are the result of internal motivations, not the
product of external influences or constraints
Cultural relativism The view that cultural norms determine what is ethically right and wrong
Wrote "System of Nature", argued that humans were machines governed by outside
D'Holbach forces. He believed that free will, God, and immorality of the soul were myths.
Aggressively atheist.
D'Holbach's views Determinist believed in no "free will" everything has a cause. River analogy
(b. 1942-)the research of this American Philosopher centers on the philosophy of
Daniel C Dennett mind. Particularly as it relates to evolutionary biology and cognitive science
(materialist)(compatibalism)
deductive What kind of argument is a categorical syllogism?
deontology the ethical view that moral value is determined by fulfilling one's duty
An eternal "thinking thing" that is attached to the Pineal Gland in the brain. (mind
Descartes concept of the soul
body dualism)
An ethical approach that simply represents ethical beliefs without evaluating their
Descriptive ethics
accuracy or appropriateness
The doctrine that every event has a cause. Such a doctrine seems to preclude human
freedom by explaining all human behavior in terms of chains of causes that stretch
Determinism
back into the dim recesses of one's heredity and environment. ( you have no free
choice, every decision you make can be traced to a cause from your past)
The view that every event, including human actions,is brought about by previous
determinism events in accordance with universal causal laws that govern the world. Human
freedom is an illusion.
formal system of reasoning that arrives at the truth by the exchange of logical
dialectic reasoning
arguments. (the deeper you question the more you uncover and expose.)
Divine Command Theory The view that we act morally when we do what God Commands us to do.
the view that reality is composed of two different substances, so that neither one can
dualism
be related to the other, thus: spirit/matter, mind/body, good/evil
Efficient The thing that does the changing
Empiricism The position that the senses are primary in acquiring knowledge
the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science
Empiricism
flourishes through observation and experiment.
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