MCB5205 Exam 2 Study Guide Solutions

MCB5205 Exam 2 Study Guide Solutions Principles of human volunteer research - ANSWER-1. Informed Consent 2. Beneficence (max benefit/low risk) 3. Justice Belmont Report (1979) - ANSWER-ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research Animal model - ANSWER--Disease symptoms and distribution mimics humans - Same disease route as humans ethics of animal models - ANSWER-- rationale - bacterial genetics & physiology - hypothesis driven research - experimental design - care of animals ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/22 - anesthesia - euthanasia Caenorhabditis elegans - cons - ANSWER-- NO adaptive immune system - cannot grow at 37C Caenorhabditis elegans - pros - ANSWER-- fully sequenced genome - permissive - propagation 3 days Galleria mellonella - cons - ANSWER-- not able to generate mutants -melanization Galleria mellonella - pros - ANSWER-- Able to survive at 37c - can use purified bacterial toxins Drosophila melanogaster - pros - ANSWER-- most versatile infection model - small size - short generation time ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/22 -fully sequenced genome - innate immune similar to mammals Drosophila melanogaster - cons - ANSWER-high inoculums of bacteria needed biophotonic imaging - ANSWER-Bacterial strains to be studied are engineered to express luciferase (lux operon from Vibrio sp.) input ratio - ANSWER-CFU mutant/ CFU wild type Calculate Dilution Factor - ANSWER-(CFU) (dilution factor)/(vol(ml)) Tissue culture models - ANSWER-- less complex - less $ - NO IRB or IUCAC artificial ecm - ANSWER- Gentamicin Protection Assay - ANSWER-used to calculate adhesion and invasion frequencies plaque assay - ANSWER-measures cell-cell spread of intracellular bacteria or viruses operon - ANSWER-group of genes operating together ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/22 Regulon - ANSWER-genes or operons controlled by a common regulatory protein Complementation - ANSWER-restoration of a mutant back to the wildtype either through a second mutation or the addition of a functional gene RNAi - ANSWER-RNA interference; injecting double stranded RNA into a cell turns off expression of a gene with the same sequence as the RNA Dicer - ANSWER-enzyme that cleaves and processes double stranded RNA to produce siRNAs or miRNAs that are 21-25 nucleotids in length RNase III - ANSWER-cuts out 16S and 23S Neutropenia - ANSWER-deficiency of neutrophil