NURS 328 Nursing Research- Athabasca
University Questions With Answers.
Research - ANSWER- systematic inquiry that uses structured methods to answer
questions and solve problems
Nursing Research - ANSWER- systematic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy
evidence about issues of importance to nurses and their clients
Clinical Nursing Research - ANSWER- Research designed to guide nursing practice.
Typically begins with questions that are raised in day- to- day clinical practice- problems
that you may have already encountered.
evidence-based practice - ANSWER- The use of the best evidence in making patient
care decisions. Such evidence typically comes from research conducted by nurses and
other health care professionals.
consumers of nursing research - ANSWER- nurses who read research report to keep
up to date on findings that may effect their practice.
producers of nursing research - ANSWER- nurses who actively design and undertake
studies
translational research - ANSWER- research on how findings from studies can best be
translated into practice
clinical significance - ANSWER- The practical importance of research results in terms of
whether they have genuine, palpable effects on the daily lives of patients or on health
care decisions made on their behalf
benchmarking data - ANSWER- provides information on such issues as the rates of
using various procedures or rates of clinical problems
quality improvement - ANSWER- systematic efforts to improve practices and processes
within a specific organization or patient groups. ie. medication error reports. Can be
used to assess practices and determine the need for practice changes.
Paradigm - ANSWER- a worldview, a general perspective to explain the world's
complexities. A way of looking at natural phenomena that encompasses a set of
philosophical assumptions and that guides one's approach to inquiry.
assumption - ANSWER- A principle that is believed to be true without solid proof
,determinism - ANSWER- refers to the positives' belief that phenomena do not happen
by chance but they are controlled and produced by antecedent causes
positivist paradigm - ANSWER- research activity often aimed at understanding the
underlying causes of natural phenomena. Closely related to quantitative research.
probabilistic evidence - ANSWER- learning what the true state of a phenomenon
probably is.
constructivist paradigm - ANSWER- An alternative paradigm (also called naturalistic
paradigm) to the positivist paradigm that holds that there are multiple interpretations of
reality, and that the goal of research is to understand how individuals construct reality
within their context; associated with qualitative research.
Research Methods - ANSWER- The techniques researchers use to design a study and
to gather and analyse relevant information
Scientific Method - ANSWER- Involves using a set of orderly procedures to acquire
Empirical evidence - ANSWER- evidence that is rooted in objective reality and gathered
directly or indirectly through the senses rather than through personal beliefs or hunches
Generalizability - ANSWER- the degree to which the research methods justify the
inference that the findings are true for a broader group than study participants; in
particular, the inference that the findings can be generalized from the sample to the
population.
constructivist traditions - ANSWER- emphasize the inherent complexity of humans, their
ability to shape and "construct" their own experiences, and the idea that truth is a
collection of realities.
reductionist - ANSWER- reduces human experience to only the few concepts that are
defined in advance by researchers rather than naturally emerging from the experiences
of those under study
fallibility - ANSWER- the tendency to make mistakes or be wrong
cause probing - ANSWER- studies designed to illuminate the underlying causes of
phenomena
descriptive studies - ANSWER- researchers count, delineate and classify
descriptive research - ANSWER- research that typically has as its main objective the
accurate portrayal of people's characteristics or circumstances and/ or the frequency
with which certain phenomena occur.
,Exploratory Research - ANSWER- Begins with a phenomena of interest; but rather than
simply describing it, researchers examine the nature of the phenomenon, the manner in
which it is manifested, and other factors to which it is related- including factors to which
it is related.
explanatory research - ANSWER- seeks to understand the underlying causes or full
nature of a phenomenon
evidence- based practice - ANSWER- the integration of best research evidence with
clinical expertise and patient values
evidence- based practise - ANSWER- the ongoing process that incorporates evidence
from research, clinical expertise, client preferences and other available resources to
make nursing decisions about clients. Decision making in nursing practise is influenced
by evidence and also by individual values, client choice, theories, clinical judgement,
ethics, legislation, regulation, health- care resources and practice environments.
Key ingredient of evidence based practice - ANSWER- the effort to personalize "best
evidence" to a specific patient's needs within a particular clinical context.
Basic feature of EBP - ANSWER- it de- emphasizes decisions based on custom,
authority, or ritual
Emphasis of EBP - ANSWER- identifying the best available research evidence and
integrating it with other factors in making clinical decisions
Research utilization - ANSWER- the use of findings from studies in a practical
application that is unrelated to the original research
emphasis of research utilization - ANSWER- translating new knowledge into real world
applications
A keystone of the EBP movement in health care fields was - ANSWER- cochrane
collaboration founded in the UK
Cochrane Collaboration - ANSWER- its aim is to help providers make good health care
decisions by preparing and disseminating systematic reviews of the effects of health
care interventions
knowledge translation - ANSWER- A term that is often associated with efforts to
enhance systematic change in clinical practice. It is a dynamic and iterative process that
includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically- sound application of
knowledge and strengthen the health care system.
randomized controlled trial - ANSWER- A full experimental test of an intervention,
involving random assignment to treatment groups, is phase 3 of a full clinical trial
, evidence hierarchies - ANSWER- rank evidence sources according to the strength of
the evidence they provide
systematic reviews - ANSWER- a rigorous synthesis of research findings on a particular
research question, using systematic sampling and data collection procedures and a
formal protocol.
preprocessed - ANSWER- evidence that has been summarized and synthesized by
other reviewers
meta-analysis - ANSWER- a technique for integrating quantitative research findings
statistically. treats the findings from a study as one piece of information. The findings
from multiple studies on the same topic are combined and then all of the information is
analysed statistically in a manner similar to that in a usual study. Provides an objective
method of integrating a body of findings and of observing patterns that might not have
been detected. It is less about reducing information and more about interpreting it.
clinical practice guidelines - ANSWER- give specific recommendations for evidence-
based decision making
care bundles - ANSWER- encompass a set of interventions to promote patient safety
major steps of EBP - ANSWER- 1. Ask questions that reflect uncertainties in clinical
practice.
2. Search for and assemble evidence.
3. Appraise and synthesize evidence.
4. Integrate evidence with other sources.
5. Assess effectiveness of decision or advice.
PIO - ANSWER- population/ patients, intervention/ influence/ indicator, outcome
2 components of relevance in qualitative information - ANSWER- population and
situation
PICO - ANSWER- Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
PICOT - ANSWER- Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
Time
University Questions With Answers.
Research - ANSWER- systematic inquiry that uses structured methods to answer
questions and solve problems
Nursing Research - ANSWER- systematic inquiry designed to develop trustworthy
evidence about issues of importance to nurses and their clients
Clinical Nursing Research - ANSWER- Research designed to guide nursing practice.
Typically begins with questions that are raised in day- to- day clinical practice- problems
that you may have already encountered.
evidence-based practice - ANSWER- The use of the best evidence in making patient
care decisions. Such evidence typically comes from research conducted by nurses and
other health care professionals.
consumers of nursing research - ANSWER- nurses who read research report to keep
up to date on findings that may effect their practice.
producers of nursing research - ANSWER- nurses who actively design and undertake
studies
translational research - ANSWER- research on how findings from studies can best be
translated into practice
clinical significance - ANSWER- The practical importance of research results in terms of
whether they have genuine, palpable effects on the daily lives of patients or on health
care decisions made on their behalf
benchmarking data - ANSWER- provides information on such issues as the rates of
using various procedures or rates of clinical problems
quality improvement - ANSWER- systematic efforts to improve practices and processes
within a specific organization or patient groups. ie. medication error reports. Can be
used to assess practices and determine the need for practice changes.
Paradigm - ANSWER- a worldview, a general perspective to explain the world's
complexities. A way of looking at natural phenomena that encompasses a set of
philosophical assumptions and that guides one's approach to inquiry.
assumption - ANSWER- A principle that is believed to be true without solid proof
,determinism - ANSWER- refers to the positives' belief that phenomena do not happen
by chance but they are controlled and produced by antecedent causes
positivist paradigm - ANSWER- research activity often aimed at understanding the
underlying causes of natural phenomena. Closely related to quantitative research.
probabilistic evidence - ANSWER- learning what the true state of a phenomenon
probably is.
constructivist paradigm - ANSWER- An alternative paradigm (also called naturalistic
paradigm) to the positivist paradigm that holds that there are multiple interpretations of
reality, and that the goal of research is to understand how individuals construct reality
within their context; associated with qualitative research.
Research Methods - ANSWER- The techniques researchers use to design a study and
to gather and analyse relevant information
Scientific Method - ANSWER- Involves using a set of orderly procedures to acquire
Empirical evidence - ANSWER- evidence that is rooted in objective reality and gathered
directly or indirectly through the senses rather than through personal beliefs or hunches
Generalizability - ANSWER- the degree to which the research methods justify the
inference that the findings are true for a broader group than study participants; in
particular, the inference that the findings can be generalized from the sample to the
population.
constructivist traditions - ANSWER- emphasize the inherent complexity of humans, their
ability to shape and "construct" their own experiences, and the idea that truth is a
collection of realities.
reductionist - ANSWER- reduces human experience to only the few concepts that are
defined in advance by researchers rather than naturally emerging from the experiences
of those under study
fallibility - ANSWER- the tendency to make mistakes or be wrong
cause probing - ANSWER- studies designed to illuminate the underlying causes of
phenomena
descriptive studies - ANSWER- researchers count, delineate and classify
descriptive research - ANSWER- research that typically has as its main objective the
accurate portrayal of people's characteristics or circumstances and/ or the frequency
with which certain phenomena occur.
,Exploratory Research - ANSWER- Begins with a phenomena of interest; but rather than
simply describing it, researchers examine the nature of the phenomenon, the manner in
which it is manifested, and other factors to which it is related- including factors to which
it is related.
explanatory research - ANSWER- seeks to understand the underlying causes or full
nature of a phenomenon
evidence- based practice - ANSWER- the integration of best research evidence with
clinical expertise and patient values
evidence- based practise - ANSWER- the ongoing process that incorporates evidence
from research, clinical expertise, client preferences and other available resources to
make nursing decisions about clients. Decision making in nursing practise is influenced
by evidence and also by individual values, client choice, theories, clinical judgement,
ethics, legislation, regulation, health- care resources and practice environments.
Key ingredient of evidence based practice - ANSWER- the effort to personalize "best
evidence" to a specific patient's needs within a particular clinical context.
Basic feature of EBP - ANSWER- it de- emphasizes decisions based on custom,
authority, or ritual
Emphasis of EBP - ANSWER- identifying the best available research evidence and
integrating it with other factors in making clinical decisions
Research utilization - ANSWER- the use of findings from studies in a practical
application that is unrelated to the original research
emphasis of research utilization - ANSWER- translating new knowledge into real world
applications
A keystone of the EBP movement in health care fields was - ANSWER- cochrane
collaboration founded in the UK
Cochrane Collaboration - ANSWER- its aim is to help providers make good health care
decisions by preparing and disseminating systematic reviews of the effects of health
care interventions
knowledge translation - ANSWER- A term that is often associated with efforts to
enhance systematic change in clinical practice. It is a dynamic and iterative process that
includes synthesis, dissemination, exchange and ethically- sound application of
knowledge and strengthen the health care system.
randomized controlled trial - ANSWER- A full experimental test of an intervention,
involving random assignment to treatment groups, is phase 3 of a full clinical trial
, evidence hierarchies - ANSWER- rank evidence sources according to the strength of
the evidence they provide
systematic reviews - ANSWER- a rigorous synthesis of research findings on a particular
research question, using systematic sampling and data collection procedures and a
formal protocol.
preprocessed - ANSWER- evidence that has been summarized and synthesized by
other reviewers
meta-analysis - ANSWER- a technique for integrating quantitative research findings
statistically. treats the findings from a study as one piece of information. The findings
from multiple studies on the same topic are combined and then all of the information is
analysed statistically in a manner similar to that in a usual study. Provides an objective
method of integrating a body of findings and of observing patterns that might not have
been detected. It is less about reducing information and more about interpreting it.
clinical practice guidelines - ANSWER- give specific recommendations for evidence-
based decision making
care bundles - ANSWER- encompass a set of interventions to promote patient safety
major steps of EBP - ANSWER- 1. Ask questions that reflect uncertainties in clinical
practice.
2. Search for and assemble evidence.
3. Appraise and synthesize evidence.
4. Integrate evidence with other sources.
5. Assess effectiveness of decision or advice.
PIO - ANSWER- population/ patients, intervention/ influence/ indicator, outcome
2 components of relevance in qualitative information - ANSWER- population and
situation
PICO - ANSWER- Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
PICOT - ANSWER- Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome
Time
