Pulmonary Ventilation

Pulmonary Ventilation Define pulmonary ventilation ️️the process by which air moves in and out of lungs What is the preferred way of breathing? ️️through the nasal What happens to air through the nasal passageway? ️️air is warmed and humidified; cleaned by the turbinates How does air travel starting from the nose/mouth? ️️nose/mouth -- pharynz -- larynx -- trachea -- bronchial tree Where does air exchange occur? ️️respiratory bronchioles and alveoli What muscle are involved with inspiration? ️️diaphragm and external intercostal muscles (SCM and scalenes with heavy exercise) Describe the process of inspiration ️️volume in lungs decreases -- air rushes into the lungs What way does air move? ️️areas of high pressure to low pressure What muscles are involved with expiration? ️️internal intercostal muscles; assisted by latisimus dorsi, quadratus lumborum and diaphragm Describe the process of expiration? ️️increase pressure in the lungs -- air rushes out of the lungs What can the volume of air in the lungs be measured by? ️️spirometry What does spirometry measure? ️️measures volume of air inspired and expired What is tidal volume? ️️amount of air entering and leaving the lungs during each breath What is vital capacity? ️️greatest amount of air that can be expired after maximal inspiration What is residual volume? ️️amount of air left in lungs after maximal expiration What is total lung capacity? ️️sum of vital capacity and residual volume Define pulmonary diffusion ️️gas exchange between alveoli and capillary blood What is the function of pulmonary diffusion? ️️replenishes blood oxygen supply ; removes carbon dioxide from returning systemic blood What is the formula for pressure? ️️pressure = flow x resistance What occurs across the pulmonary membrane? ️️gas