Kettering TMC/CSE Review
What are the 4 critical life functions (in order of priority)? ✔️✔️Ventilation
Oxygenation
Circulation
Perfusion
Measurements of ventilation? ✔️✔️RR
Vt
Chest movement
Breath sounds
PaCO2
ETCO2
Measurements of oxygenation? ✔️✔️HR - Most important sign
Color - Cyanotic only if 5 mg/dL of Hb is lost
Sensorium - LOC
PaO2/SpO2
Measurements of circulation? ✔️✔️Heart rate and strength
CO - Cardiac output
Measurements of perfusion? ✔️✔️BP
Sensorium - LOC
Temperature - Cold and clammy means bad perfusion
Urine output - Most important sign, if kidneys aren't being perfused nothing else is.
Hemodynamics
, What life function is a common problem? ✔️✔️Oxygenation
What does a physical examination consist of (in order)? ✔️✔️Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
Equation for pack years? ✔️✔️Packs smoked/day X years smoked
What is the normal urine output? ✔️✔️Minimum 40 ml/hr or 1 L/day
If urine intake is greater than output what problems can happen? ✔️✔️Weight gain - Bloating
Electrolyte imbalance - Excessive fluid dilutes electrolytes.
Increased hemodynamic pressures - Added vasculature volume.
Decreased lung compliance
What do changes in CVP represent? ✔️✔️Fluid balance
What is CVP? ✔️✔️The pressure of venous return to the right heart
Normal CVP? ✔️✔️2 - 6 mmHg
What does a CVP of >6 mmHg indicate and what's the treatment? ✔️✔️Hypervolemia
Tx is diuretics
What does a CVP of <2 mmHg indicate and what's the treatment? ✔️✔️Hypovolemia
Tx is fluid therapy
What are the 4 critical life functions (in order of priority)? ✔️✔️Ventilation
Oxygenation
Circulation
Perfusion
Measurements of ventilation? ✔️✔️RR
Vt
Chest movement
Breath sounds
PaCO2
ETCO2
Measurements of oxygenation? ✔️✔️HR - Most important sign
Color - Cyanotic only if 5 mg/dL of Hb is lost
Sensorium - LOC
PaO2/SpO2
Measurements of circulation? ✔️✔️Heart rate and strength
CO - Cardiac output
Measurements of perfusion? ✔️✔️BP
Sensorium - LOC
Temperature - Cold and clammy means bad perfusion
Urine output - Most important sign, if kidneys aren't being perfused nothing else is.
Hemodynamics
, What life function is a common problem? ✔️✔️Oxygenation
What does a physical examination consist of (in order)? ✔️✔️Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
Equation for pack years? ✔️✔️Packs smoked/day X years smoked
What is the normal urine output? ✔️✔️Minimum 40 ml/hr or 1 L/day
If urine intake is greater than output what problems can happen? ✔️✔️Weight gain - Bloating
Electrolyte imbalance - Excessive fluid dilutes electrolytes.
Increased hemodynamic pressures - Added vasculature volume.
Decreased lung compliance
What do changes in CVP represent? ✔️✔️Fluid balance
What is CVP? ✔️✔️The pressure of venous return to the right heart
Normal CVP? ✔️✔️2 - 6 mmHg
What does a CVP of >6 mmHg indicate and what's the treatment? ✔️✔️Hypervolemia
Tx is diuretics
What does a CVP of <2 mmHg indicate and what's the treatment? ✔️✔️Hypovolemia
Tx is fluid therapy
