Ch.7 Autism Spectrum Disorder Unit 3
Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Applied behavior analysis - Answer-The science in which tactics derived from the
principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior
and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.
Asperger syndrome - Answer-A developmental disorder characterized by normal
cognitive and language development with impairments in all social areas, repetitive and
stereotypic behaviors, preoccupation with atypical activities or items, pedantic speech
patterns, and motor clumsiness; included in autism spectrum disorders.
Autism Spectrum disorder - Answer-A developmental disability characterized by
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction and by restricted,
repetitive, and stereotypic patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Symptoms are
present in early childhood.
Behavior trap - Answer-An interrelated set of contingencies of reinforcement that can be
especially powerful and lead to substantial, long-lasting behavior changes.
Effective behavior traps include four essential features;
What are the four essential features included for an effective behavior trap. - Answer-a)
they are "baited" with virtually irresistible reinforcers that "lure" the student to the trap.
b) only a low-effort response already in the students repertoire is necessary to enter the
trap.
c) Once inside the trap, the student is motivated by interrelated contingencies of
reinforcement to acquire, extend, and maintain targeted academic and/or social skills.
d) they can remain effective for a long time because students show few, if any, satiation
effects.
Discrete trial training (DTT) - Answer-An instructional format involving a series of three-
part trials
a) an antecedent stimulus (flashcard with 2+2=)
b)students response (four)
c) feedback (reinforcement for a correct response; ignoring or correcting an incorrect
response; and providing a response prompt or ignoring nonresponse).
Echolalia - Answer-The repetition of what other people have said as if echoing them;
characteristic of some children with delayed development, autism, and communication
disorders.
Executive functioning - Answer-The ability to regulate one's own behavior.
Such as planning and goal setting, cognitive and behavioral flexibility, inhibition, working
memory, and selective attention.
, Facilitated Communication - Answer-A type of augmentative communication in which a
"facilitator" provides assistance to someone in typing or pointing to vocabulary symbols;
Typically involves an alphanumeric keyboard on which the set types out a message one
letter at a time.
Also called supported typing.
No credible research supports FC as a viable intervention.
Joint Attention - Answer-A social communication skill in which two people interact with
their shared environment in the same frame of reference. Joint attention is evident when
a child looks where someone else is looking or turns head or eyes in the direction
someone is pointing.
Pica - Answer-A form of self-injurious behavior in which the person ingests nonnutritive
substances.
(dirt, rocks, sticks, plastic, string, feces); exhibited by some people with moderate and
severe mental retardation.
Savant Syndrome - Answer-Extraordinary ability or knowledge in a particular area.
(memorization, mathematical calculations, drawing, music) while functioning at the
intellectually disabled level in all other areas.
Social Stories - Answer-An intervention for teaching social skills that uses individualized
stories usually constructed with one sentence per page accompanied by photographs or
simple line drawings depicting a social situation from the viewpoint of the student.
Often used with children with autism spectrum disorders to decrease anxiety about the
situation, help them learn relevant social cues and the expected behaviors, explain how
to behave to achieve desired outcomes from the situation, and help understand the
event from the perspective of others.
Stereotypy - Answer-Repetitive, nonfunctional movements( hand flapping, rocking).
Theory of mind - Answer-The intuitive ability to distinguish and interpret one's own and
other people's thoughts, motives, and beliefs (perspective taking).
Leo Kanner - Answer-First identified autism in 1943
1980 - Answer-Autism entered DSM.. under the Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Category
- states it will be lifelong and affects communication ares
1995 - Answer-Hans Asperger diagnosed it in 1944.
Entered the DSm in 1995.
Described 4 boys in Vienna, Austria,
took long because Lorna Wing translated in 1980's.
Added under IDEA as a disability category in 1990
Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Applied behavior analysis - Answer-The science in which tactics derived from the
principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior
and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.
Asperger syndrome - Answer-A developmental disorder characterized by normal
cognitive and language development with impairments in all social areas, repetitive and
stereotypic behaviors, preoccupation with atypical activities or items, pedantic speech
patterns, and motor clumsiness; included in autism spectrum disorders.
Autism Spectrum disorder - Answer-A developmental disability characterized by
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction and by restricted,
repetitive, and stereotypic patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Symptoms are
present in early childhood.
Behavior trap - Answer-An interrelated set of contingencies of reinforcement that can be
especially powerful and lead to substantial, long-lasting behavior changes.
Effective behavior traps include four essential features;
What are the four essential features included for an effective behavior trap. - Answer-a)
they are "baited" with virtually irresistible reinforcers that "lure" the student to the trap.
b) only a low-effort response already in the students repertoire is necessary to enter the
trap.
c) Once inside the trap, the student is motivated by interrelated contingencies of
reinforcement to acquire, extend, and maintain targeted academic and/or social skills.
d) they can remain effective for a long time because students show few, if any, satiation
effects.
Discrete trial training (DTT) - Answer-An instructional format involving a series of three-
part trials
a) an antecedent stimulus (flashcard with 2+2=)
b)students response (four)
c) feedback (reinforcement for a correct response; ignoring or correcting an incorrect
response; and providing a response prompt or ignoring nonresponse).
Echolalia - Answer-The repetition of what other people have said as if echoing them;
characteristic of some children with delayed development, autism, and communication
disorders.
Executive functioning - Answer-The ability to regulate one's own behavior.
Such as planning and goal setting, cognitive and behavioral flexibility, inhibition, working
memory, and selective attention.
, Facilitated Communication - Answer-A type of augmentative communication in which a
"facilitator" provides assistance to someone in typing or pointing to vocabulary symbols;
Typically involves an alphanumeric keyboard on which the set types out a message one
letter at a time.
Also called supported typing.
No credible research supports FC as a viable intervention.
Joint Attention - Answer-A social communication skill in which two people interact with
their shared environment in the same frame of reference. Joint attention is evident when
a child looks where someone else is looking or turns head or eyes in the direction
someone is pointing.
Pica - Answer-A form of self-injurious behavior in which the person ingests nonnutritive
substances.
(dirt, rocks, sticks, plastic, string, feces); exhibited by some people with moderate and
severe mental retardation.
Savant Syndrome - Answer-Extraordinary ability or knowledge in a particular area.
(memorization, mathematical calculations, drawing, music) while functioning at the
intellectually disabled level in all other areas.
Social Stories - Answer-An intervention for teaching social skills that uses individualized
stories usually constructed with one sentence per page accompanied by photographs or
simple line drawings depicting a social situation from the viewpoint of the student.
Often used with children with autism spectrum disorders to decrease anxiety about the
situation, help them learn relevant social cues and the expected behaviors, explain how
to behave to achieve desired outcomes from the situation, and help understand the
event from the perspective of others.
Stereotypy - Answer-Repetitive, nonfunctional movements( hand flapping, rocking).
Theory of mind - Answer-The intuitive ability to distinguish and interpret one's own and
other people's thoughts, motives, and beliefs (perspective taking).
Leo Kanner - Answer-First identified autism in 1943
1980 - Answer-Autism entered DSM.. under the Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Category
- states it will be lifelong and affects communication ares
1995 - Answer-Hans Asperger diagnosed it in 1944.
Entered the DSm in 1995.
Described 4 boys in Vienna, Austria,
took long because Lorna Wing translated in 1980's.
Added under IDEA as a disability category in 1990
