Unit 1 (1,2,3) Questions & Answers

Reaction time - ANSWERSResponse rate from perception to action VO2max - ANSWERSHighest rate at which oxygen can be utilized during exercise Watts - ANSWERSA derived unit of power, defined as one joule per second Proprioceptive - ANSWERSRelated to the perception of position and movement within the body Kinetic chain - ANSWERSCombination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems in an effort to effectively control bodily movement Stability - ANSWERSProperty of a body to resist displacement Phosphagen system - ANSWERSSupplies anaerobic energy to support maximal efforts lasting up to 15 sec Acceleration - ANSWERSThe change in velocity over time; can vary in magnitude/direction Periodization - ANSWERSProgramming method that breaks specific stresses into training cycles Plasticity - ANSWERSProperty of tissue to become permanently altered 3 universal attributes of an elite athlete - ANSWERSNeuromuscular efficiency Requisite anthropometric measures Exposure to sport during youth Most sports are more negatively affected by low measures of fitness than positively benefitted by high measures of fitness. - ANSWERSTRUE The primary role of a strength coach is to prevent injury and keep athletes on the field. - ANSWERSTRUE Muscular strength is a measure of the ability to produce maximal force - ANSWERSTRUE Lower measures of flexibility are associated with training limitations - ANSWERSTRUE Muscular (anaerobic) endurance is directly associated with VO2max - ANSWERSFALSE A very low percentage of body fat is desired for all athletes - ANSWERSFALSE During most sport-specific movements, forces tend to start from the trunk - ANSWERSFALSE Identify at least three factors that can influence agility. - ANSWERSexperience, body size, stability, muscular fitness, power, and flexibility ___ equilibrium in sports is often referenced for postural requirements, while ____ equilibrium in sports is more reflective of performance measures. - ANSWERSstatic dynamic Identify the two major factors associated with the Olympic lifts that make them more effective for developing sport-specific power over the exercises performed during competitive "power-lifting". - ANSWERSvelocity of lifts energy transfer efficiency necessary to accelerate the resistance Briefly identify at least four negative performance-related implications associated with tissue inflexibility. - ANSWERS1) proper movements can be prevented 2) joint actions can be resisted 3) The length of muscle to produce peak tension can be lost 4) Biomechanics can be altered in a manner that promotes injury 5) The athlete may be unable to properly perform key exercises Power - ANSWERSRate of performing work expressed as (force x distance) / time Agility - ANSWERSAccurate performance of a sport-specific movement involving rapid changes of direction/velocity in reaction to analysis of the environment Balance - ANSWERSStable state characterized by the cancellation of all forces by equal and opposing forces Coordination - ANSWERSThe intelligence of muscle and their ability to communicate efficiently with central processing for harmonious adjustment or interaction of parts Speed - ANSWERSThe time rate of change of an object's position without regards to direction A soccer player who performs rapid foot work to control a ball while changing direction is displaying high measures of: - ANSWERSDynamic equilibrium A baseball player who makes a diving catch in the outfield must possess optimal: - ANSWERSCoordination True or False? The performance-related components of fitness build upon the health-related components of fitness to optimize sport performance via neural improvements. - ANSWERSTrue Appropriate strength training is critical to enhancing power as it can improve: - ANSWERSTotal work capacity An athlete who can accelerate to the highest velocity in the shortest period of time would be considered __________, while the time it takes to move between two given points would define his or her __________. - ANSWERSQuick, speed Balance is attained via data processing using all of the following to facilitate appropriate muscular activation except: - ANSWERSThermoreceptors True or False? Repeated, premeditated practice of a complex drill may improve outcomes for the movement pattern involved, but may not improve performance during game scenarios. - ANSWERSTrue Which of the following would not improve aerobic system efficiency among endurance athletes? - ANSWERSReduced buffering responses to maximize tissue pH Aerobic system efficiency can maximize anaerobic performance in which of the following ways? - ANSWERSBy reducing necessary rest periods between bursts of maximal-intensity work True or False? Force output can only be improved with muscle cell hypertrophy - ANSWERSFalse Motion analysis - ANSWERSAnalysis of crucial actions that dictate performance for a sport Decelerators - ANSWERSGlobal movers active during the eccentric phase of movement Work-recovery ratio - ANSWERSWork and rest intervals employed to provide specific adaptations Frontal plane - ANSWERSDivides the body into ventral and dorsal sections Upper cross syndrome - ANSWERSThe result of connective tissue imbalance acting on the shoulder joint Accelerators - ANSWERSGlobal movers active during the concentric phase of movement Sagittal plane - ANSWERSPasses through the midline of the body, dividing it in left/right halves Ballistics - ANSWERSVelocity-based lifts that emphasize concentric acceleration Steady state - ANSWERSWork rate where O2 use matches demand using aerobic metabolism Rate of perceived exertion - ANSWERSSubjective perception of effort quantified by a 6-20 scale Certain variables may exist that impact sports performance which cannot be easily quantified during a motion analysis. - ANSWERSTRUE Most field players cover around ___ km during a game. The average recovery period between maximal sprints ranges from ___ sec. Players perform over ___ different movements. Among elite athletes, the distance covered with ball possession ranges from ___% of total ground coverage during a game. - ANSWERS9-14 65-75 1000 1.2-2.4 It is estimated that players work at 70-95% of their VO2max during a competitive event (SOCCER) - ANSWERSTRUE Phosphagen is the limiting energy substrate, as indicated by post-game storage losses (SOCCER) - ANSWERSFALSE Some players must engage 90 minutes of work during a single game without any substitutions (SOCCER) - ANSWERSTRUE It is estimated that a high-speed run is performed every 60 seconds during a game (SOCCER) - ANSWERSFALSE physiological stress values seen during a tennis match as indicated by research ___of VO2max ___of HRmax ___RPE values - ANSWERS60-70% 60-80% 13-14 Indicate each of the following as being associated with tennis play on a hard court (HC) or clay court (CC). 1) The duration of each rally is relatively shorter - ANSWERSHC Indicate each of the following as being associated with tennis play on a hard court (HC) or clay court (CC). 2) Training for play should mirror a work-recovery ratio range of 1:3-1:5 - ANSWERSCC Indicate each of the following as being associated with tennis play on a hard court (HC) or clay court (CC). 3) Sliding mechanics while changing direction must be mastered for optimal performance - ANSWERSCC Indicate each of the following as being associated with tennis play on a hard court (HC) or clay court (CC). 4) The ball moves much faster based on reduced friction upon ground contact - ANSWERSHC