D313 SCIE 1012
Anatomy & Physiology II
COMPREHENSIVE FA GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following hormones primarily regulates
sodium balance in the body?
- a) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- b) Aldosterone
- c) Cortisol
- d) Insulin
Answer: b) Aldosterone
Rationale: Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal cortex,
plays a key role in regulating sodium and potassium
balance by promoting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
2. In advanced concepts of acid-base balance, what is the
primary buffer system in the extracellular fluid?
- a) Phosphate buffer system
- b) Hemoglobin buffer system
- c) Bicarbonate buffer system
- d) Protein buffer system
Answer: c) Bicarbonate buffer system
Rationale: The bicarbonate buffer system is the most
important buffer in the blood plasma due to its ability to
effectively manage pH through control of bicarbonate ions
and carbonic acid.
3. Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for
inhibiting motor pathways in the central nervous system?
- a) Glutamate
- b) Serotonin
- c) GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
- d) Dopamine
Answer: c) GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Rationale: GABA is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter
in the CNS, reducing neuronal excitability throughout the
©2024/2025
, nervous system.
4. Which of the following structures plays a crucial role in
maintaining homeostasis and regulating the autonomic
nervous system?
- a) Hypothalamus
- b) Thalamus
- c) Cerebellum
- d) Medulla oblongata
Answer: a) Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus is integral in homeostatic
functions as it coordinates autonomic, endocrine, and
somatic responses.
5. During prolonged fasting, which metabolic process
primarily provides the body with energy?
- a) Glycolysis
- b) Lipolysis
- c) Gluconeogenesis
- d) Glycogenesis
Answer: b) Lipolysis
Rationale: Lipolysis breaks down triglycerides into fatty
acids and glycerol, which are used for energy during fasting
periods.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. __________ is the primary ion responsible for
generating action potentials in neurons.
Answer: Sodium (Na⁺)
Rationale: Sodium ions are responsible for the
depolarization phase of action potentials when they rapidly
enter the neuron.
©2024/2025
Anatomy & Physiology II
COMPREHENSIVE FA GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following hormones primarily regulates
sodium balance in the body?
- a) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- b) Aldosterone
- c) Cortisol
- d) Insulin
Answer: b) Aldosterone
Rationale: Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal cortex,
plays a key role in regulating sodium and potassium
balance by promoting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
2. In advanced concepts of acid-base balance, what is the
primary buffer system in the extracellular fluid?
- a) Phosphate buffer system
- b) Hemoglobin buffer system
- c) Bicarbonate buffer system
- d) Protein buffer system
Answer: c) Bicarbonate buffer system
Rationale: The bicarbonate buffer system is the most
important buffer in the blood plasma due to its ability to
effectively manage pH through control of bicarbonate ions
and carbonic acid.
3. Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for
inhibiting motor pathways in the central nervous system?
- a) Glutamate
- b) Serotonin
- c) GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
- d) Dopamine
Answer: c) GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid)
Rationale: GABA is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter
in the CNS, reducing neuronal excitability throughout the
©2024/2025
, nervous system.
4. Which of the following structures plays a crucial role in
maintaining homeostasis and regulating the autonomic
nervous system?
- a) Hypothalamus
- b) Thalamus
- c) Cerebellum
- d) Medulla oblongata
Answer: a) Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus is integral in homeostatic
functions as it coordinates autonomic, endocrine, and
somatic responses.
5. During prolonged fasting, which metabolic process
primarily provides the body with energy?
- a) Glycolysis
- b) Lipolysis
- c) Gluconeogenesis
- d) Glycogenesis
Answer: b) Lipolysis
Rationale: Lipolysis breaks down triglycerides into fatty
acids and glycerol, which are used for energy during fasting
periods.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. __________ is the primary ion responsible for
generating action potentials in neurons.
Answer: Sodium (Na⁺)
Rationale: Sodium ions are responsible for the
depolarization phase of action potentials when they rapidly
enter the neuron.
©2024/2025
