Bios 252 Chamberlain 2024/2025
1. - ANS-
2. 4 properties of muscle tissue - ANS-contactility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity
3. Abducens - ANS-Number: 6
4. Type: Motor
5. Function: Produce movements of the eyes
6. Accessory - ANS-Number: 11
7. Type: Motor
8. Function: Turning movements of the head, movements of the shoulder and viscera,
voice production.
9. Action Potential (AP) - ANS-allow communication over short and long distances
10. adrenal glands - ANS-a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and
secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times
of stress.
11. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - ANS-Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete
glucocorticoids
12. Agonist - ANS-(leader) Primer mover. Muscle that is causing an action
13. All stretch reflexes are: - ANS-monosynaptic and ipsilateral (motor activity in on same
side of body).
14. Antagonists - ANS-(against) Muscle that is opposing an action
15. Anterior & posterior spinocerebellar pathway - ANS-convey nerve impulses from
proprioceptors in trunk, and lower limb of ONE side of body and to same side of
cerebellum
16. Anterolateral (spinothalamic) pathway - ANS-impulses for pain, temperature, itch, tickle,
& posterior head
17. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANS-influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules
18. arachnoid mater - ANS--middle layer
19. -thin, web-like membrane
20. -lacks blood vessels
21. -between dura and pia
22. *subarachnoid space: between arachnoid and pia, contains cerebrospinal fluid
23. Astrocytes - ANS-Provide structural and metabolic support for neuron in CNS
24. Autonomic (visceral) reflexes - ANS-Reflexes that activate smooth or cardiac muscle
and/or glands.
25. blood flow to the brain - ANS-via the vertebral and carotid arteries and flows back to the
heart via the jugular veins
26. Brachial Plexus - ANS-(Ventral Rami) Provides almost the entire nerve supply to the
shoulders and upper limbs
27. brain stem function - ANS-Connects the brain and spinal cord
, 28. Broca's area - ANS-Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in
the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
29. Calcitonin (CT) - ANS-Inhibits the breakdown of bone; causes a decrease in blood
calcium concentration
30. Cerebellum function - ANS-Balance and coordination
31. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ANS-plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the
brain and spinal cord
32. cerebrum function - ANS-thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory
33. Cervical Plexus - ANS-(Anterior Ventral) Supplies the skin and muscles of the head,
neck, superior portion of the shoulders and chest, and diaphragm.
34. Contractability - ANS-ability of muscle tissue to shorten and contract forcefully
35. Crossed-Extensor Reflex - ANS-maintains balance during a withdrawal reflex
36. CSF production - ANS-Produced by choroid plexus lining the ventricles
37. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) - ANS-precursor to testosterone; produced in the
adrenal cortex
38. Diencephalon - ANS-Contains thalamus and hypothalamus
39. dura mater - ANS--outermost layer
40. -made of tough, white, fiborous connective tissue
41. -contains many blood vessels
42. -attaches to inside of cranial cavity
43. Effector - ANS-Muscle fiber or gland cell that responds to efferent impulses by
contracting or secreting
44. electrical excitability - ANS-the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an
action potential
45. endocrine cells - ANS-hormones pass directly into the bloodstream or tissues of the
body for distrubution
46. endrocine system releases - ANS-hormones
47. Ependymal - ANS-lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord in CNS
48. epinephrine and norepinephrine - ANS-fight-or-flight responses, wakefulness, alertness
49. Epithalamus - ANS-lies superior and posterior to the thalamus and contains the pineal
gland. The pineal gland
50. secretes melatonin (what helps us sleep) and habenular nuclei which are involved in
olfaction
51. Eslasticity - ANS-ability to return to its original shape
52. Excitability - ANS-ability to generate an action potential in response to a stimulus
53. exocrine glands - ANS-secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other
organs or out of the body
54. Extensibility - ANS-ability of muscle to stretch or get longer
55. Exteroreceptors - ANS-hearing, vision, smell, taste, pressure, vibration, & pain
56. Facial - ANS-Number: 7
57. Type: Mixed
58. Function: Facial expressions, secretion of saliva, taste.
59. first order neuron - ANS-impulses from somatic receptors to the brain stem or spinal cord
60. Fixator - ANS-stabilizes the origin of a prime mover
1. - ANS-
2. 4 properties of muscle tissue - ANS-contactility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity
3. Abducens - ANS-Number: 6
4. Type: Motor
5. Function: Produce movements of the eyes
6. Accessory - ANS-Number: 11
7. Type: Motor
8. Function: Turning movements of the head, movements of the shoulder and viscera,
voice production.
9. Action Potential (AP) - ANS-allow communication over short and long distances
10. adrenal glands - ANS-a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and
secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times
of stress.
11. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - ANS-Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete
glucocorticoids
12. Agonist - ANS-(leader) Primer mover. Muscle that is causing an action
13. All stretch reflexes are: - ANS-monosynaptic and ipsilateral (motor activity in on same
side of body).
14. Antagonists - ANS-(against) Muscle that is opposing an action
15. Anterior & posterior spinocerebellar pathway - ANS-convey nerve impulses from
proprioceptors in trunk, and lower limb of ONE side of body and to same side of
cerebellum
16. Anterolateral (spinothalamic) pathway - ANS-impulses for pain, temperature, itch, tickle,
& posterior head
17. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANS-influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules
18. arachnoid mater - ANS--middle layer
19. -thin, web-like membrane
20. -lacks blood vessels
21. -between dura and pia
22. *subarachnoid space: between arachnoid and pia, contains cerebrospinal fluid
23. Astrocytes - ANS-Provide structural and metabolic support for neuron in CNS
24. Autonomic (visceral) reflexes - ANS-Reflexes that activate smooth or cardiac muscle
and/or glands.
25. blood flow to the brain - ANS-via the vertebral and carotid arteries and flows back to the
heart via the jugular veins
26. Brachial Plexus - ANS-(Ventral Rami) Provides almost the entire nerve supply to the
shoulders and upper limbs
27. brain stem function - ANS-Connects the brain and spinal cord
, 28. Broca's area - ANS-Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in
the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
29. Calcitonin (CT) - ANS-Inhibits the breakdown of bone; causes a decrease in blood
calcium concentration
30. Cerebellum function - ANS-Balance and coordination
31. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ANS-plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the
brain and spinal cord
32. cerebrum function - ANS-thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory
33. Cervical Plexus - ANS-(Anterior Ventral) Supplies the skin and muscles of the head,
neck, superior portion of the shoulders and chest, and diaphragm.
34. Contractability - ANS-ability of muscle tissue to shorten and contract forcefully
35. Crossed-Extensor Reflex - ANS-maintains balance during a withdrawal reflex
36. CSF production - ANS-Produced by choroid plexus lining the ventricles
37. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) - ANS-precursor to testosterone; produced in the
adrenal cortex
38. Diencephalon - ANS-Contains thalamus and hypothalamus
39. dura mater - ANS--outermost layer
40. -made of tough, white, fiborous connective tissue
41. -contains many blood vessels
42. -attaches to inside of cranial cavity
43. Effector - ANS-Muscle fiber or gland cell that responds to efferent impulses by
contracting or secreting
44. electrical excitability - ANS-the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an
action potential
45. endocrine cells - ANS-hormones pass directly into the bloodstream or tissues of the
body for distrubution
46. endrocine system releases - ANS-hormones
47. Ependymal - ANS-lines the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord in CNS
48. epinephrine and norepinephrine - ANS-fight-or-flight responses, wakefulness, alertness
49. Epithalamus - ANS-lies superior and posterior to the thalamus and contains the pineal
gland. The pineal gland
50. secretes melatonin (what helps us sleep) and habenular nuclei which are involved in
olfaction
51. Eslasticity - ANS-ability to return to its original shape
52. Excitability - ANS-ability to generate an action potential in response to a stimulus
53. exocrine glands - ANS-secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other
organs or out of the body
54. Extensibility - ANS-ability of muscle to stretch or get longer
55. Exteroreceptors - ANS-hearing, vision, smell, taste, pressure, vibration, & pain
56. Facial - ANS-Number: 7
57. Type: Mixed
58. Function: Facial expressions, secretion of saliva, taste.
59. first order neuron - ANS-impulses from somatic receptors to the brain stem or spinal cord
60. Fixator - ANS-stabilizes the origin of a prime mover
