PSYCHOLOGY 101 EXAM 1
independent variable - ✔️✔️The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied (i.e if you are testing if breastfeeding kids has a difference
or not in their intelligence later in life, the independent variable is breast milk and
formula)
Acetylcholine (ACH) - ✔️✔️A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and
also triggers muscle contraction
Empiricism - ✔️✔️Belief that knowledge comes exclusively through the senses or
through experience
Pseudoscience - ✔️✔️A fake or false science that makes claims based on little or no
scientific evidence.
Case Study - ✔️✔️An in-depth examination of one individual, or a small number of
individuals
The Survey - ✔️✔️An investigation of many cases in less depth by asking people to
report opinions and behaviours
Naturalistic observation - ✔️✔️recording behaviour in its natural environments, and
describing it in detail
Experimentation - ✔️✔️Purpose is to explore cause and effect by manipulating one or
more factors, while holding other factors constant
Define science of Psychology - ✔️✔️Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and
mental process
Dependent Variable - ✔️✔️The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Difference between Descriptive and correlational research methods - ✔️✔️Descriptive
research method is to observe and record behaviour. Correlational research method is
to detect naturally occurring relationships . Nothing is manipulated in these two research
methods.
Biological Psychology - ✔️✔️The basic assumption that everything psychological is
biological
, Phrenology - ✔️✔️A popular but wronged theory in the 1800's that claimed that bumps
on the skull could reveal mental abilities and character traits.
Sensory Neurons - ✔️✔️Carry messages from the body's tissues and sensory organs
inward to the brain and spinal cord for processing
Motor Neurons - ✔️✔️Carry Messages from the brain and out to the bodes tissues
How Neuron's Communicate - ✔️✔️When a neural impluse reaches the terminal of a
an axon, it triggers release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap.
Dopamine - ✔️✔️a Neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, and
emotion.
Serotonin - ✔️✔️a Neurotransmitter that Affects Mood, hunger, sleep and arousal
Norepinephrine - ✔️✔️a Neurotransmitter that helps control alertness and arousal
GABA - ✔️✔️A major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Glutamate - ✔️✔️A Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory
The two types of Major nervous systems - ✔️✔️Peripheral nervous system and the
Central Nervous system
Somatic Nervous system - ✔️✔️enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles
Automatic Nervous System - ✔️✔️controls our glands and the muscles of our internal
organs
The Sympathetic System - ✔️✔️Expands energy, accelerates heart rate, raises blood
pressure...
The parasympathetic system - ✔️✔️Conserves energy, decelerates heart rate, lowers
blood pressure...
The peripheral nervous system - ✔️✔️The nervous system that contains, autonomic,
somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The central nervous system - ✔️✔️comprises the spinal cord and brain
The brain on average has how many neurones - ✔️✔️40 billion
independent variable - ✔️✔️The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
whose effect is being studied (i.e if you are testing if breastfeeding kids has a difference
or not in their intelligence later in life, the independent variable is breast milk and
formula)
Acetylcholine (ACH) - ✔️✔️A neurotransmitter that enables learning and memory and
also triggers muscle contraction
Empiricism - ✔️✔️Belief that knowledge comes exclusively through the senses or
through experience
Pseudoscience - ✔️✔️A fake or false science that makes claims based on little or no
scientific evidence.
Case Study - ✔️✔️An in-depth examination of one individual, or a small number of
individuals
The Survey - ✔️✔️An investigation of many cases in less depth by asking people to
report opinions and behaviours
Naturalistic observation - ✔️✔️recording behaviour in its natural environments, and
describing it in detail
Experimentation - ✔️✔️Purpose is to explore cause and effect by manipulating one or
more factors, while holding other factors constant
Define science of Psychology - ✔️✔️Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and
mental process
Dependent Variable - ✔️✔️The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Difference between Descriptive and correlational research methods - ✔️✔️Descriptive
research method is to observe and record behaviour. Correlational research method is
to detect naturally occurring relationships . Nothing is manipulated in these two research
methods.
Biological Psychology - ✔️✔️The basic assumption that everything psychological is
biological
, Phrenology - ✔️✔️A popular but wronged theory in the 1800's that claimed that bumps
on the skull could reveal mental abilities and character traits.
Sensory Neurons - ✔️✔️Carry messages from the body's tissues and sensory organs
inward to the brain and spinal cord for processing
Motor Neurons - ✔️✔️Carry Messages from the brain and out to the bodes tissues
How Neuron's Communicate - ✔️✔️When a neural impluse reaches the terminal of a
an axon, it triggers release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap.
Dopamine - ✔️✔️a Neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, and
emotion.
Serotonin - ✔️✔️a Neurotransmitter that Affects Mood, hunger, sleep and arousal
Norepinephrine - ✔️✔️a Neurotransmitter that helps control alertness and arousal
GABA - ✔️✔️A major inhibitory neurotransmitter
Glutamate - ✔️✔️A Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory
The two types of Major nervous systems - ✔️✔️Peripheral nervous system and the
Central Nervous system
Somatic Nervous system - ✔️✔️enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles
Automatic Nervous System - ✔️✔️controls our glands and the muscles of our internal
organs
The Sympathetic System - ✔️✔️Expands energy, accelerates heart rate, raises blood
pressure...
The parasympathetic system - ✔️✔️Conserves energy, decelerates heart rate, lowers
blood pressure...
The peripheral nervous system - ✔️✔️The nervous system that contains, autonomic,
somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
The central nervous system - ✔️✔️comprises the spinal cord and brain
The brain on average has how many neurones - ✔️✔️40 billion
