Thoracic – TCAR Latest Update 2024-2025 Actual
Exam from Credible Sources with 260 Questions
and Verified Correct Answers Golden Ticket to
Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
3 stages of empyema - CORRECT ANSWER: Exudative
Fibrinopurulent
Organizing
5 Criteria of a solitary pulmonary nodule - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. single
2. <3 cm
3. surrounded by normal lung
4. no adenopathy
5. no pleural effusion
5-YS after resection of solitary brain met for lung cancer - CORRECT ANSWER: 20%
Accessory muscles of respiration - CORRECT ANSWER: SCM
Levators
Serratus posterior
Scalenes
Adson's test for thoracic outlet syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER: Decreased radial
pulse with head turned toward ipsilateral side (subclavian artery compression - arterial
TOS)
Alveolar, arterial, and venous pressures in lung zones in upright person - CORRECT
ANSWER: Zone I: PA > Pa > Pv
Zone II: Pa > PA > Pv
,Zone III: Pa > Pv > PA
Anterior mediastinal tumors - CORRECT ANSWER: T's
Thyroid
Parathyroid
T-cell lymphoma
Thymoma
Teratoma
Cystic hygroma
Anterior structures when looking into middle mediastinum with mediastinoscopy -
CORRECT ANSWER: Innominate vein
Innominate artery
right PA
Best diagnostic test for a tracheo-esophageal fistula - CORRECT ANSWER: Bronch -
pull tracheostomy or ETT back usually see a big hole 1-2 cm below the tracheal stoma
Best diagnostic test for lung abscess - CORRECT ANSWER: CT chest - air fluid levels
Best surgical approach for arterial TOS - CORRECT ANSWER: Supraclavicular
Best surgical approach for neurogenic and venous TOS - CORRECT ANSWER:
Transaxillary
Blood supply lower 2/3 of trachea - CORRECT ANSWER: bronchial arteries
Blood supply lung parenchyma - CORRECT ANSWER: bronchial arteries
,Blood supply upper 2/3 of trachea - CORRECT ANSWER: inferior thyroid arteries
Borders of scalene triangle - CORRECT ANSWER: SCM anterior
Trapezius posterior
Subclavian vein inferior
IJ medial
Omohyoid superior
Causes of massive hemoptysis - CORRECT ANSWER: TB (MCC overall causes
bronchial and pulmonary artery aneurysms)
Bronchiectasis (MC from cystic fibrosis, dilated bronchial arteries)
Lung abscess (bronchial arteries)
Chemotherapy for germ cell tumors of the mediastinum - CORRECT ANSWER:
Cisplatin
Bleomycin
Etoposide
Claggett procedure - CORRECT ANSWER: for bronchopleural fistula after
pneumonectomy - fill post pneumonectomy space with permanent abx solution and
bronchus coverage with intercostal muscle flap
Criteria for high risk with solitary pulmonary nodule (4) - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. age
>60
2. size >2.2 cm
3. speculated
4. current smoker
Criteria for intermediate risk with solitary pulmonary nodule (4) - CORRECT ANSWER:
1. age 45-60
, 2. size 1.5-2.2 cm
3. scalloped
4. current smoker or quit <7 years ago
Criteria for low risk with solitary pulmonary nodule (6) - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. age
<45
2. never smoked or quit >7 years ago
3. smooth lesion
4. size <1.5 cm
5. popcorn calcification (hamartoma) or laminated calcification (granuloma)
6. no change in CXR in 2 years
Diagnosis and evaluation for operability for lung cancer - CORRECT ANSWER: CXR
CT C/A/P
Chest MRI - best for spinal cord invasion and superior sulcus tumors
Head MRI only if sx (headache)
bone scan for bone pain or elevated alk phos only
Bronchoscopy
Labs (LFTs)
PET scan
EKG (stress test if necessary)
PFTs, ABG, DLCO
Diagnosis of arterial TOS - CORRECT ANSWER: angio
Diagnosis of venous TOS - CORRECT ANSWER: duplex U/S
Gold standard is venogram but it takes too long
Exam from Credible Sources with 260 Questions
and Verified Correct Answers Golden Ticket to
Guaranteed A+ Verified by Professor
3 stages of empyema - CORRECT ANSWER: Exudative
Fibrinopurulent
Organizing
5 Criteria of a solitary pulmonary nodule - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. single
2. <3 cm
3. surrounded by normal lung
4. no adenopathy
5. no pleural effusion
5-YS after resection of solitary brain met for lung cancer - CORRECT ANSWER: 20%
Accessory muscles of respiration - CORRECT ANSWER: SCM
Levators
Serratus posterior
Scalenes
Adson's test for thoracic outlet syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER: Decreased radial
pulse with head turned toward ipsilateral side (subclavian artery compression - arterial
TOS)
Alveolar, arterial, and venous pressures in lung zones in upright person - CORRECT
ANSWER: Zone I: PA > Pa > Pv
Zone II: Pa > PA > Pv
,Zone III: Pa > Pv > PA
Anterior mediastinal tumors - CORRECT ANSWER: T's
Thyroid
Parathyroid
T-cell lymphoma
Thymoma
Teratoma
Cystic hygroma
Anterior structures when looking into middle mediastinum with mediastinoscopy -
CORRECT ANSWER: Innominate vein
Innominate artery
right PA
Best diagnostic test for a tracheo-esophageal fistula - CORRECT ANSWER: Bronch -
pull tracheostomy or ETT back usually see a big hole 1-2 cm below the tracheal stoma
Best diagnostic test for lung abscess - CORRECT ANSWER: CT chest - air fluid levels
Best surgical approach for arterial TOS - CORRECT ANSWER: Supraclavicular
Best surgical approach for neurogenic and venous TOS - CORRECT ANSWER:
Transaxillary
Blood supply lower 2/3 of trachea - CORRECT ANSWER: bronchial arteries
Blood supply lung parenchyma - CORRECT ANSWER: bronchial arteries
,Blood supply upper 2/3 of trachea - CORRECT ANSWER: inferior thyroid arteries
Borders of scalene triangle - CORRECT ANSWER: SCM anterior
Trapezius posterior
Subclavian vein inferior
IJ medial
Omohyoid superior
Causes of massive hemoptysis - CORRECT ANSWER: TB (MCC overall causes
bronchial and pulmonary artery aneurysms)
Bronchiectasis (MC from cystic fibrosis, dilated bronchial arteries)
Lung abscess (bronchial arteries)
Chemotherapy for germ cell tumors of the mediastinum - CORRECT ANSWER:
Cisplatin
Bleomycin
Etoposide
Claggett procedure - CORRECT ANSWER: for bronchopleural fistula after
pneumonectomy - fill post pneumonectomy space with permanent abx solution and
bronchus coverage with intercostal muscle flap
Criteria for high risk with solitary pulmonary nodule (4) - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. age
>60
2. size >2.2 cm
3. speculated
4. current smoker
Criteria for intermediate risk with solitary pulmonary nodule (4) - CORRECT ANSWER:
1. age 45-60
, 2. size 1.5-2.2 cm
3. scalloped
4. current smoker or quit <7 years ago
Criteria for low risk with solitary pulmonary nodule (6) - CORRECT ANSWER: 1. age
<45
2. never smoked or quit >7 years ago
3. smooth lesion
4. size <1.5 cm
5. popcorn calcification (hamartoma) or laminated calcification (granuloma)
6. no change in CXR in 2 years
Diagnosis and evaluation for operability for lung cancer - CORRECT ANSWER: CXR
CT C/A/P
Chest MRI - best for spinal cord invasion and superior sulcus tumors
Head MRI only if sx (headache)
bone scan for bone pain or elevated alk phos only
Bronchoscopy
Labs (LFTs)
PET scan
EKG (stress test if necessary)
PFTs, ABG, DLCO
Diagnosis of arterial TOS - CORRECT ANSWER: angio
Diagnosis of venous TOS - CORRECT ANSWER: duplex U/S
Gold standard is venogram but it takes too long
