NU 308 Diabetes & Burns Bushey Questions And
Answers 2024/2025 Updates
Burns are in the top ___ leading causes of accidental death in children. ANS Top 5
*Slightly decreasing
Who is at an increased risk for burns? ANS Preschool and school aged children
Axp ___-___% of burns do occur in the home (including from fires). ANS 65-75%
*check smoke detector batteries
And axp ~____% of burns are preventable. ANS 75%
What are some of the various types of burns? ANS -Thermal (Most Common)
-Chemical
-Exposure to cold
-Radiation
-Electricity
Some types of thermal burns include... ANS -Scalds (hot liquids)
-Flames (i.e. matches)
*scalds are the most common type of thermal burns
When it comes to chemical burns, it is important to remember to... ANS -Brush chemicals off
quickly
-Flush with water for *20 minutes*
,-Remove contacts immediately
What are various sources of radiation burns? ANS -Nuclear fallout
-Radiation treatments for CA
With electrical burns, these burns are unique in that they look like what? ANS Has an entrance
and exit wound and often very deep (commonly a 3rd degree burn and down to the muscle/bone) but
appears less severe from the surface
*-Iceberg Effect *
Electrical burns can be dangerous but the electricity from the burn often affects the what as well?
ANS The heart
-risk for total arrest or V-fib
*keep these pts on a cardiac monitor
Pts with electrical burns also will to be transferred with what? ANS A spinal board and C-Collar
d/t concern from fractures
Why do pt with electrical burns also have a risk for fractures? ANS -Because the electrical
current can cause severe tetanic contractions of the muscles that can actually break or dislocate bones
-Or because they may have been injured when they fell from the shock
Unfortunately, burns can be used as a form of abuse. What are the #2 most common types of
intentional burns? ANS 1. Immersion in hot water
2. Contact with hot objects (i.e. iron, cigarettes)
When treating children with burns it is important to monitor for signs of abusive burns. What are
some various signs that the burns are intentional? ANS -Symmetrical and Smooth burn edges (vs
ragged)
-Stocking Glove Appearance: even edges with a dipping-like appearance
,-No splash marks
-History does not match burn injury
-Deep imprints from object burns
What is the #1 sign a burn is a result of abuse? ANS The history of the burn does *not* match the
injury
When it comes to the skin, the skin is the _________ organ of the body. ANS Largest
What is the role of the skin? ANS 1. Protection
2. Temperature Control
Skin acts as protection for... ANS -Barrier against infection
-Prevents loss of fluids
The #1 cause of death from severe burns is.... ANS Infection
The skin also helps regulate temperature. Thus, burns patients are often (cold/hot) so their
environment needs to be (cooler/warmer). ANS Cold; warmer
When it comes to assessing the severity of burns union admissions, what are 3 major things you need
to do? ANS 1. Assess percentage of Body Surface Area Burned (BSAB)
2. Assess Depth of burns
3. Assess Location of burns
Assessing BSAB is the *most* importance assessment to do. This may also be referred to the
"________" of body area burned. ANS Extent
When it comes to adults/15 years or older, what is the tool used to assess the BSAB? ANS The
Rules of Nines
, What is the Rule of Nines for adults? ANS -Head and Neck: 9%
-Left arm: 9%
-Right arm: 9%
-Front of trunk: 18%
-Back of trunk: 18%
-Right Leg: 18%
-Left Leg: 18%
-Perineum: 1%
For children under 15, body proportions differ based on age. What specialized charts are used to help
determine BSAB in children? ANS Lund/Browder charts
Note that BSAB is typically only done for... ANS 2nd and 3rd degree burns
-not typically done for 1st degree burns because they don't often require as much special care
How do you calculate a child's BSAB using the Pediatrics Rule of Nines? ANS For each year a
child is over 1 year old:
-Subtract 1% from head
-Add 0.5% to each leg
*done each year until Adult percentages are reached (around age 9)
For children their palms are also specifically calculated in addition to their arms. How much BSA do
their palms account for? ANS 1% each
BSAB is also important for calculating/estimating what? ANS Adjusted Maintenance Fluid
Needs
Answers 2024/2025 Updates
Burns are in the top ___ leading causes of accidental death in children. ANS Top 5
*Slightly decreasing
Who is at an increased risk for burns? ANS Preschool and school aged children
Axp ___-___% of burns do occur in the home (including from fires). ANS 65-75%
*check smoke detector batteries
And axp ~____% of burns are preventable. ANS 75%
What are some of the various types of burns? ANS -Thermal (Most Common)
-Chemical
-Exposure to cold
-Radiation
-Electricity
Some types of thermal burns include... ANS -Scalds (hot liquids)
-Flames (i.e. matches)
*scalds are the most common type of thermal burns
When it comes to chemical burns, it is important to remember to... ANS -Brush chemicals off
quickly
-Flush with water for *20 minutes*
,-Remove contacts immediately
What are various sources of radiation burns? ANS -Nuclear fallout
-Radiation treatments for CA
With electrical burns, these burns are unique in that they look like what? ANS Has an entrance
and exit wound and often very deep (commonly a 3rd degree burn and down to the muscle/bone) but
appears less severe from the surface
*-Iceberg Effect *
Electrical burns can be dangerous but the electricity from the burn often affects the what as well?
ANS The heart
-risk for total arrest or V-fib
*keep these pts on a cardiac monitor
Pts with electrical burns also will to be transferred with what? ANS A spinal board and C-Collar
d/t concern from fractures
Why do pt with electrical burns also have a risk for fractures? ANS -Because the electrical
current can cause severe tetanic contractions of the muscles that can actually break or dislocate bones
-Or because they may have been injured when they fell from the shock
Unfortunately, burns can be used as a form of abuse. What are the #2 most common types of
intentional burns? ANS 1. Immersion in hot water
2. Contact with hot objects (i.e. iron, cigarettes)
When treating children with burns it is important to monitor for signs of abusive burns. What are
some various signs that the burns are intentional? ANS -Symmetrical and Smooth burn edges (vs
ragged)
-Stocking Glove Appearance: even edges with a dipping-like appearance
,-No splash marks
-History does not match burn injury
-Deep imprints from object burns
What is the #1 sign a burn is a result of abuse? ANS The history of the burn does *not* match the
injury
When it comes to the skin, the skin is the _________ organ of the body. ANS Largest
What is the role of the skin? ANS 1. Protection
2. Temperature Control
Skin acts as protection for... ANS -Barrier against infection
-Prevents loss of fluids
The #1 cause of death from severe burns is.... ANS Infection
The skin also helps regulate temperature. Thus, burns patients are often (cold/hot) so their
environment needs to be (cooler/warmer). ANS Cold; warmer
When it comes to assessing the severity of burns union admissions, what are 3 major things you need
to do? ANS 1. Assess percentage of Body Surface Area Burned (BSAB)
2. Assess Depth of burns
3. Assess Location of burns
Assessing BSAB is the *most* importance assessment to do. This may also be referred to the
"________" of body area burned. ANS Extent
When it comes to adults/15 years or older, what is the tool used to assess the BSAB? ANS The
Rules of Nines
, What is the Rule of Nines for adults? ANS -Head and Neck: 9%
-Left arm: 9%
-Right arm: 9%
-Front of trunk: 18%
-Back of trunk: 18%
-Right Leg: 18%
-Left Leg: 18%
-Perineum: 1%
For children under 15, body proportions differ based on age. What specialized charts are used to help
determine BSAB in children? ANS Lund/Browder charts
Note that BSAB is typically only done for... ANS 2nd and 3rd degree burns
-not typically done for 1st degree burns because they don't often require as much special care
How do you calculate a child's BSAB using the Pediatrics Rule of Nines? ANS For each year a
child is over 1 year old:
-Subtract 1% from head
-Add 0.5% to each leg
*done each year until Adult percentages are reached (around age 9)
For children their palms are also specifically calculated in addition to their arms. How much BSA do
their palms account for? ANS 1% each
BSAB is also important for calculating/estimating what? ANS Adjusted Maintenance Fluid
Needs
