Chapter 19 Test Bank

1) Functions of the kidneys include all but one of the following. Identify the exception. A) regulation of extracellular fluid volume B) maintenance of ion balance in body fluids C) regulation of blood protein levels D) regulation of blood osmolarity E) homeostatic regulation of blood pH - ANS C) regulation of blood protein levels 2) Ions directly regulated by the kidney include all EXCEPT which of the following? A) Na+ B) K+ C) Ca2+ D) HCO3- E) OH- - ANS E) OH- 3) The characteristic yellow color of urine is attributed to the presence of A) urobilinogen. B) uric acid. C) urea. D) renin. E) bile. - ANS A) urobilinogen. 4) Urine is produced by the A) gallbladder. B) urinary bladder. C) kidney. D) ureter. E) urethra. - ANS C) kidney. 5) Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by A) blood vessels. B) lymphatics. C) the ureters. D) the urethra. E) All of the answers are correct. - ANS C) the ureters. 6) Technically, the kidneys are located A) in the thoracic cavity. B) in the abdominal cavity. C) behind the pleural membranes. D) behind the peritoneal membrane. E) in the pelvic cavity. - ANS D) behind the peritoneal membrane. 7) Blood flow through the kidney includes a feature seen in only a few organs. What is it? A) portal system B) arterial shunts C) vascular sinuses D) veins containing highly oxygenated blood E) anastomoses - ANS A) portal system 8) Which structure is NOT part of the blood circulation through the kidney? A) vasa recta B) loop of Henle C) glomerulus D) renal corpuscle - ANS B) loop of Henle 9) Which statement is NOT true? A) The blood supply to the kidneys comes through the renal arteries. B) As much as one fourth of the cardiac output may flow to the kidneys at any given moment. C) The kidneys do not reabsorb filtered waste products. D) The urinary bladder is filled by two ducts, called ureters, and emptied by the single urethra. E) Women are more likely to develop urinary tract infections than men. - ANS C) The kidneys do not reabsorb filtered waste products. 10) The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the A) renal pyramid. B) loop of Henle. C) renal corpuscle. D) renal papilla. E) collecting system. - ANS C) renal corpuscle. 11) Which of the following kidney processes is always active and always requires energy to occur? A) filtration B) reabsorption C) secretion D) excretion - ANS C) secretion 12) A glomerulus is A) the expanded end of a nephron. B) a "knot" of capillaries that lies within the Bowman's capsule. C) the portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle. D) the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct. E) the hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron. - ANS B) a "knot" of capillaries that lies within the Bowman's capsule. 13) The portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle is the A) loop of Henle. B) proximal tubule. C) distal tubule. D) collecting duct. E) minor calyx. - ANS B) proximal tubule. 14) The portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct is the A) loop of Henle. B) proximal tubule. C) distal tubule. D) collecting duct. E) minor calyx. - ANS C) distal tubule. 15) The hairpin-shaped segment of the nephron is the A) loop of Henle. B) proximal tubule. C) distal tubule. D) vasa recta. E) minor calyx. - ANS A) loop of Henle. 16) The segment of the nephron between the proximal and distal tubules that loops down into the medulla of the kidney and returns back to the cortex is called the A) loop of Henle. B) Bowman's capsule. C) collecting duct. D) vasa recta. E) minor calyx. - ANS A) loop of Henle. 17) The process of filtration in the kidney is most accurately described as A) highly specific. B) completely nonspecific. C) relatively nonspecific. - ANS C) relatively nonspecific. 18) All of the following will normally be found in the filtrate EXCEPT A) glucose. B) potassium. C) erythrocytes. D) urobilinogen. - ANS C) erythrocytes. 19) Cysts on the kidney can press upon nephrons, raising the pressure inside the nephrons. How will this affect glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure? A) GFR increases and blood pressure increases B) GFR increases and blood pressure decreases C) GFR decreases and blood pressure increases D) GFR decreases and blood pressure decreases - ANS C) GFR decreases and blood pressure increases 20) The amount of plasma that filters into the nephrons is approximately ________ of the total volume. A) 4/5 B) 1/5 C) 3/4 D) 1/2 E) 90% - ANS B) 1/5 21) In normal kidneys, blood cells and plasma proteins are A) filtered then reabsorbed. B) secreted then reabsorbed. C) not filtered. D) filtered and secreted. - ANS C) not filtered. 22) Which is NOT a kidney filtration barrier? A) glomerular capillary endothelium B) basal lamina C) Bowman's capsule epithelium D) juxtaglomerular apparatus - ANS D) juxtaglomerular apparatus 23) The force for glomerular filtration is the A) blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries. B) osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillaries. C) fluid pressure produced by the displacement of the fluid in the lumen of the tubules. D) ATP-dependent processes in the nephron. E) None of the answers are correct. - ANS A) blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries. 24) The primary function of the proximal tubule is A) filtration. B) reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, and water. C) secretion of acids and ammonia. D) secretion of drugs. E) adjusting the urine volume. - ANS B) reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, and water. 25) Contents in the peritubular capillaries are actively transported into proximal and distal convoluted tubules in a process known as A) excretion. B) filtration. C) reabsorption. D) secretion. - ANS D) secretion 26) Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by A) diffusion. B) symport with sodium. C) cotransport. D) countertransport. - ANS B) symport with sodium. 27) Which of the following statements about autoregulation is NOT true? A) Myogenic response is the intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes. B) Myogenic response is a paracrine signaling mechanism. C) In tubuloglomerular feedback, stretch-sensitive ion channels open, resulting in depolarization of smooth muscle cells. D) In myogenic response, the macula densa cells send a paracrine message to the neighboring afferent arteriole. - ANS A) Myogenic response is the intrinsic ability of vascular smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes. Match each step in urine formation to its description. A. excretion B. filtration C. reabsorption D. secretion 28) movement from the nephron lumen to the external environment 29) movement from the nephron lumen to the blood 30) movement from the glomerulus to the nephron lumen 31) movement from the peritubular capillaries to the nephron lumen - ANS 28) A. excretion 29) C. reabsorption 30) B. filtration 31) D. secretion Match each substance with its primary mode of transport across the kidney epithelium. A. transcytosis B. active transport C. symport with a cation D. passive reabsorption/diffusion 32) sodium 33) glucose 34) urea 35) small plasma proteins - ANS 32) B. active transport 33) C. symport with a cation 34) D. passive reabsorption/diffusion 35) A. transcytosis 51) Place the following blood vessels that carry blood to and within the kidney in the order in which blood passes through them. 1. afferent arteriole 2. efferent arteriole 3. glomerulus 4. peritubular capillary A) 4, 2, 3, 1 B) 1, 3, 2, 4 C) 4, 3, 2, 1 D) 1, 2, 3, 4 E) 3, 4, 2, 1 - ANS B) 1, 3, 2, 4 52) When the plasma concentration of a substance exceeds its renal concentration, more of the substance will be A) filtered. B) reabsorbed. C) secreted. D) excreted. E) None of the answers are correct. - ANS D) excreted. 53) Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the A) Bowman's capsule. B) distal tubule. C) collecting ducts. D) proximal tubule. E) glomerulus. - ANS C) collecting ducts. 54) An obstruction in a glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the A) renal artery. B) efferent arteriole. C) afferent arteriole. D) renal vein. - ANS B) efferent arteriole. 55) If blood flow through the afferent arterioles increases, A) stretch reflexes trigger vasoconstriction to reduce the flow. B) the smooth muscle in the vessel walls stretches to accommodate the increased flow. C) the stretch triggers further relaxation of the arteriolar wall, lessening blood pressure. D) the smooth muscle in the vessel walls stretches to accommodate the increased flow and the stretch triggers further relaxation of the arteriolar