BIOL 301 - Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

BIOL 301 - Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Individual Approach - Ans:--fundamental unit of ecology = organism -how an individuals morphology, physiology and behavior enable it to survive Population Approach - Ans:--individuals of same species living in particular area -variation over time and space in the number, density and composition (birth/death rates, im/emmigration, sex ratio) Community Approach - Ans:--all populations of species living in a particular area -diversity and relative abundances of different populations (coexistence) Ecosystem Approach - Ans:--one or more communities of living organisms interacting with their nonliving physical and chemical environments -storage and transfer of energy and matter Landscape Approach - Ans:--multiple ecosystems connected by the movement of individuduals, populations, and energy ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/14 -movement of energy, matter and individuals between ecosystems Biosphere Approach - Ans:--all the ecosystems of earth -largest scale movement (water and air) Evolution depends on... - Ans:--variation -inheritance -selection -time Darwin looked at ___ to convince him that life has evolved - Ans:-finches, tortoise species, geology, fossils of common modern ancestors, own experiments with artificial selection How do adaptations evolve? - Ans:-natural selection 3 requirements for scientific method - Ans:--objective -standardized -self-correcting observation - Ans:-notice/propose problem to solve -usually a question ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 3/14 hypothesis - Ans:-potential answer to question at hand requirements for a hypothesis - Ans:-testable and falsifiable statement that is simple and concise -if/then statement if/then statement - Ans:-if = testable relationship then = prediction of expected results experiment - Ans:-ordered investigations intended to prove or disprove a hypothesis types of experiments - Ans:--manipulative -natural -mathematical models manipulative experiment - Ans:-treatment and control, replication, randomization experimental unit - Ans:-object manipulation is applied to natural experiments - Ans:-observational study mathematical models - Ans:-use when looking at past/future or encompass large areas limitations of size - Ans:-weight, force, oxygen, tolerance to physical force, metabolism ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 4/14 weight limitation - Ans:-square to cube law - elephants weigh a lot and need a lot of support, ants do not force limitation - Ans:-smaller in size means it takes more force to do thing oxygen limitation - Ans:-earth used to have higher O2 levels, which is why organisms were much larger than they are today tolerance to physical force limitation - Ans:-circulatory system causes us to pass out from G force (insects don't have this problem) metabolism limitation - Ans:-smaller: higher SA:V ratio, more heat loss, higher metabolism larger: more mass, requires more energy to sustain organisms larger than a hummingbird affected by ___ force - Ans:-gravity organisms smaller than a hummingbird affected by ___ force - Ans:-molecular adhesion (friction, adhesion, cohesion) microscopic organisms affect by ___ force - Ans:-movement of molecules sight differences with size - Ans:-big and small eyes are blurry auditory differences with size - Ans:-small = high pitch, shor