Fundamentals of Nursing Potter Perry
Midterm exam 2024| Questions with
100% Solutions | Verified
The Nursing Process - answer five-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves 1)
assessing, 2) diagnosing, 3) planning, 4) implementing, and 5) evaluating
Assessment Phase of the Nursing Process - answer The assessment phase of the nursing process
involves data collection to complete a thorough patient database and is the first phase.
Subjective Data - answer •Patients' verbal descriptions of their health problems
•Includes patient feelings, perceptions, and self-reported symptoms
Objective Data - answer •Findings resulting from direct observation
Two Stages of Assessment - answer •Collection of information from a primary source
(a patient) and secondary sources
•The interpretation and validation of data to determine whether more data are needed or
the database is complete.
Three Types of Assessment - answer •Patient-centered interview (conducted during a
nursing history)
•Periodic assessments (conducted during ongoing contact with patients)
•Physical examination (conducted during a nursing history and at any time a patient presents
a symptom)
Assessment Data Sources - answer •Patient
,•Family caregivers and significant others
•Health care team
•Medical records
•Other records and the scientific literature
•Nurse's experience
Phases of the Interview During Assessment - answer •Orientation and setting an agenda
•Working phase (collecting data by using interview techniques, observation, open-
ended questions, closed-ended questions, leading questions, back channeling, probing,
and interpretation)
•Termination phase
Components of the Nursing Health History - answer •Biographical information
•Chief concern or reason for seeking care
•Patient expectations
•Present illness or health concerns
•Past health history
•Family history
•Psychosocial history
•Spiritual health
•Review of systems
•Observation of patient behavior
•Diagnostic and laboratory data
Rationale for Using a Standard Formal Nursing Diagnosis - answer * Distinguish the nurse's role
from that of the physician/health care provider and help nurses focus on the scope of nursing
practice (not medical) while fostering the development of nursing knowledge. *Provides the
precise definition that gives all members of the health care team a common language for
understanding the patient's needs. *A diagnosis is a clinical judgment based on information.
, Etiology of Nursing Diagnosis - answer The r/t factor - should not be a medical diagnosis
Diagnostic Reasoning - answer Defined as a process of using the assessment data
gathered about a patient to logically explain a nursing diagnosis or clinical judgement.
Types of Nursing Diagnostic Statements - answer *Problem-focused (identify an
undesirable human response to existing problems or concerns of a patient)
*Risk diagnosis (diagnoses that apply when there is an increased potential or vulnerability for a
patient to develop a problem or complication)
*Health promotion (identify the desire or motivation to improve health status through
a positive behavioral change)
Defining Characteristics - answer Related signs and symptoms or clusters of data that
support the nursing diagnosis.
Revising a Care Plan - answer Nurses revise a plan when a patient's status changes; assessment
is the first step. Know also that a plan of care is dynamic and changes as the patient's needs
change.
Characteristics of a Goal - answer A goal is a broad statement that describes a desired change in
a patient's condition or behavior. A goal is mutually set with the patient. The family is often a
resource to help the patient meet health care goals. Family should be included in the plan of
care as much as possible.
Characteristics of an Expected Outcome - answer An expected outcome is a specific and
measurable change that is expected as a result of nursing care. An expected outcome should
be patient centered; should address one patient response; should be specific, measurable,
attainable, realistic, and timed (SMART approach).
Prioritizing When Planning Care - answer Work from your plan of care and use patients'
priorities to organize the order for delivering interventions and organizing documentation of
Midterm exam 2024| Questions with
100% Solutions | Verified
The Nursing Process - answer five-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves 1)
assessing, 2) diagnosing, 3) planning, 4) implementing, and 5) evaluating
Assessment Phase of the Nursing Process - answer The assessment phase of the nursing process
involves data collection to complete a thorough patient database and is the first phase.
Subjective Data - answer •Patients' verbal descriptions of their health problems
•Includes patient feelings, perceptions, and self-reported symptoms
Objective Data - answer •Findings resulting from direct observation
Two Stages of Assessment - answer •Collection of information from a primary source
(a patient) and secondary sources
•The interpretation and validation of data to determine whether more data are needed or
the database is complete.
Three Types of Assessment - answer •Patient-centered interview (conducted during a
nursing history)
•Periodic assessments (conducted during ongoing contact with patients)
•Physical examination (conducted during a nursing history and at any time a patient presents
a symptom)
Assessment Data Sources - answer •Patient
,•Family caregivers and significant others
•Health care team
•Medical records
•Other records and the scientific literature
•Nurse's experience
Phases of the Interview During Assessment - answer •Orientation and setting an agenda
•Working phase (collecting data by using interview techniques, observation, open-
ended questions, closed-ended questions, leading questions, back channeling, probing,
and interpretation)
•Termination phase
Components of the Nursing Health History - answer •Biographical information
•Chief concern or reason for seeking care
•Patient expectations
•Present illness or health concerns
•Past health history
•Family history
•Psychosocial history
•Spiritual health
•Review of systems
•Observation of patient behavior
•Diagnostic and laboratory data
Rationale for Using a Standard Formal Nursing Diagnosis - answer * Distinguish the nurse's role
from that of the physician/health care provider and help nurses focus on the scope of nursing
practice (not medical) while fostering the development of nursing knowledge. *Provides the
precise definition that gives all members of the health care team a common language for
understanding the patient's needs. *A diagnosis is a clinical judgment based on information.
, Etiology of Nursing Diagnosis - answer The r/t factor - should not be a medical diagnosis
Diagnostic Reasoning - answer Defined as a process of using the assessment data
gathered about a patient to logically explain a nursing diagnosis or clinical judgement.
Types of Nursing Diagnostic Statements - answer *Problem-focused (identify an
undesirable human response to existing problems or concerns of a patient)
*Risk diagnosis (diagnoses that apply when there is an increased potential or vulnerability for a
patient to develop a problem or complication)
*Health promotion (identify the desire or motivation to improve health status through
a positive behavioral change)
Defining Characteristics - answer Related signs and symptoms or clusters of data that
support the nursing diagnosis.
Revising a Care Plan - answer Nurses revise a plan when a patient's status changes; assessment
is the first step. Know also that a plan of care is dynamic and changes as the patient's needs
change.
Characteristics of a Goal - answer A goal is a broad statement that describes a desired change in
a patient's condition or behavior. A goal is mutually set with the patient. The family is often a
resource to help the patient meet health care goals. Family should be included in the plan of
care as much as possible.
Characteristics of an Expected Outcome - answer An expected outcome is a specific and
measurable change that is expected as a result of nursing care. An expected outcome should
be patient centered; should address one patient response; should be specific, measurable,
attainable, realistic, and timed (SMART approach).
Prioritizing When Planning Care - answer Work from your plan of care and use patients'
priorities to organize the order for delivering interventions and organizing documentation of
