Potter Perry Fundamentals of Nursing
Chapter 41 Oxygenation| Questions with
100% Solutions | Verified
cardiac output - ANSWER the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute. the
normal cardiac output is 4-6 L/min in the healthy adult at rest.
what three things affect stroke volume? - ANSWER 1. preload
2. afterload
3. myocardial contractility
preload - ANSWER the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole,
often referred to as the end-diastolic volume.
afterload - ANSWER the resistance to left ventricular ejection
myocardial contractility - ANSWER poor ventricular contraction decreases the amount of
blood ejected.
the rhythmic relaxation and contraction of the atria and ventricles depend on what? - ANSWER
the continuous, organized transmission of electrical impulses.
electrocardiogram (ECG) - ANSWER reflects the electrical activity of the conduction system. an ecg
monitors the regularity and path of the electrical impulse through the conduction system.
normal sinus rhythm (NSR) - ANSWER implies that the impulse originates at the SA node and
follows the normal sequence through the conduction system.
,p wave - ANSWER represents the electrical conduction through both atria. atrial
contraction follows this.
the pr interval - ANSWER represents the impulse travel time from the SA node through the
AV node, through the Bundle of His, and to the Purkinje Fibers.
normal length- 0.12-0.2 seconds
increase in time indicated a block in the impulse transmission through the AV node.
qrs complex - ANSWER indicated that the electrical impulse traveled through ventricles
normal length- 0.06-0.1 second
increase in duration indicates a delay in conduction time through the ventricles.
ventricular contraction normally follows this
qt interval - ANSWER represents the time needed for ventricular depolarization
and depolarization.
normal length- 0.12-0.42 second
time varies inversely
what are the four factors that influence adequacy of circulation, ventilation, perfusion,
and transport of respiratory gases to tissues - ANSWER 1. physiological
2. developmental
3. lifestyle
4. environmental
anemia - ANSWER a result of decreased hemoglobin production, increased red blood cell
destruction, and/or blood loss.
, carbon monoxide - ANSWER the most common toxic inhalant decreasing the oxygen-carrying
capacity of blood. hemoglobin strongly binds to CO, making hemoglobin unavailable for
oxygen transport.
hypovolemia - ANSWER fluid loss and reduced circulating blood volume caused by conditions
such as shock or severe dehydration.
decreases in the fraction of inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) - ANSWER caused by upper or
lower airway obstruction, which limits delivery of inspired oxygen to alveoli; decreased
environmental oxygen, or hypoventilation.
persistant fever signs and symptoms - ANSWER the metabolic rate remains high,
muscle wasting
decreased muscle mass
increased rate and depth of respiration.
flail chest - ANSWER a condition in which multiple rib fractures cause inability in part of the
chest wall. the unstable chest wall allows the lung under the injured area to contract on
inspiration and bulge on expiration, resulting in hypoxia.
what CNS alterations affect respiration? - ANSWER medulla oblongata impairment
C3 to C5 trauma- paralysis of the phrenic nerve
below C5 damage to nerve innervating intercostal muscles
arterial carbon dioxide tension - ANSWER between 35 and 45
arterial oxygen tension - ANSWER between 80 and 100
hypoxemia - ANSWER a decrease in the amount of arterial oxygen
Chapter 41 Oxygenation| Questions with
100% Solutions | Verified
cardiac output - ANSWER the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle each minute. the
normal cardiac output is 4-6 L/min in the healthy adult at rest.
what three things affect stroke volume? - ANSWER 1. preload
2. afterload
3. myocardial contractility
preload - ANSWER the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole,
often referred to as the end-diastolic volume.
afterload - ANSWER the resistance to left ventricular ejection
myocardial contractility - ANSWER poor ventricular contraction decreases the amount of
blood ejected.
the rhythmic relaxation and contraction of the atria and ventricles depend on what? - ANSWER
the continuous, organized transmission of electrical impulses.
electrocardiogram (ECG) - ANSWER reflects the electrical activity of the conduction system. an ecg
monitors the regularity and path of the electrical impulse through the conduction system.
normal sinus rhythm (NSR) - ANSWER implies that the impulse originates at the SA node and
follows the normal sequence through the conduction system.
,p wave - ANSWER represents the electrical conduction through both atria. atrial
contraction follows this.
the pr interval - ANSWER represents the impulse travel time from the SA node through the
AV node, through the Bundle of His, and to the Purkinje Fibers.
normal length- 0.12-0.2 seconds
increase in time indicated a block in the impulse transmission through the AV node.
qrs complex - ANSWER indicated that the electrical impulse traveled through ventricles
normal length- 0.06-0.1 second
increase in duration indicates a delay in conduction time through the ventricles.
ventricular contraction normally follows this
qt interval - ANSWER represents the time needed for ventricular depolarization
and depolarization.
normal length- 0.12-0.42 second
time varies inversely
what are the four factors that influence adequacy of circulation, ventilation, perfusion,
and transport of respiratory gases to tissues - ANSWER 1. physiological
2. developmental
3. lifestyle
4. environmental
anemia - ANSWER a result of decreased hemoglobin production, increased red blood cell
destruction, and/or blood loss.
, carbon monoxide - ANSWER the most common toxic inhalant decreasing the oxygen-carrying
capacity of blood. hemoglobin strongly binds to CO, making hemoglobin unavailable for
oxygen transport.
hypovolemia - ANSWER fluid loss and reduced circulating blood volume caused by conditions
such as shock or severe dehydration.
decreases in the fraction of inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) - ANSWER caused by upper or
lower airway obstruction, which limits delivery of inspired oxygen to alveoli; decreased
environmental oxygen, or hypoventilation.
persistant fever signs and symptoms - ANSWER the metabolic rate remains high,
muscle wasting
decreased muscle mass
increased rate and depth of respiration.
flail chest - ANSWER a condition in which multiple rib fractures cause inability in part of the
chest wall. the unstable chest wall allows the lung under the injured area to contract on
inspiration and bulge on expiration, resulting in hypoxia.
what CNS alterations affect respiration? - ANSWER medulla oblongata impairment
C3 to C5 trauma- paralysis of the phrenic nerve
below C5 damage to nerve innervating intercostal muscles
arterial carbon dioxide tension - ANSWER between 35 and 45
arterial oxygen tension - ANSWER between 80 and 100
hypoxemia - ANSWER a decrease in the amount of arterial oxygen
