CogSci 115 Midterm exam with complete
h h h h h
solutions 2024
h h
reasons hto happly hneuroscience hto hthe hstudy hof hhappiness h- hANSWER✓✓--
hcontrol hfor hbiases hand hother hproblems h(happiness his hsubjective)
- hdiscover hunderlying hneural hmechanism hof hmood hstates
- hprovide hmeans hof hevaluating htreatment htechniques
- hprovide hevidence hthat hmind hchanges h--> hbrain hchanges h(growth hmindset)
growth hmindset h- hANSWER✓✓-- hpeople hlearn hthat htheir hmost hbasic habilities
hcan hbe hdeveloped hthrough hdedication hand hhard hwork
- hcreates hlove hof hlearning hand hresilience hthat his hessential
programs hto hdevelop hgrowth hmindset hare hmost hbeneficial hin hstudents hwith
h__________________ h- hANSWER✓✓-low hsocioeconomic hstatus hor hwho hare
hacademically hat hrisk
_____________(low hincome/high hincome) hstudents hare hless hlikely hto hhold ha
hgrowth hmindset h- hANSWER✓✓-low hincome
_________(low hincome/high hincome) hstudents hwho hexhibit ha hgrowth hmindset
hmay hperform hbetter hthan h_________________(low hincome/high hincome)
hstudents hwith ha hfixed hmindset h- hANSWER✓✓-low hincome, hhigh hincome
self-directed hneuroplasticity h- hANSWER✓✓-- hall hmental hactivity hcreates hnew
hneural hstructures
- hevery hthought hleaves han himprint
- hrepeatedly hdoing hsmall hthings hinside hyour hmid hover htime hwill hlead hto
hbigger hchanges hin hyour hbrain hand hyour hexperience hof hliving
happiness hand h________ hhas hone hof hthe hstrongest hcorrelations h-
hANSWER✓✓-social hsupport
the hgreatest hpredictor hof hhappiness hin hcollege hstudents hduring hperiods hof
hhigh hstress his h___________ h- hANSWER✓✓-social hsupport
how hmany hpounds his hyour hbrain? h- hANSWER✓✓-3 hlbs
,how hmany hneurons hdoes hthe hbrain hcontain? h- hANSWER✓✓-86 hbillion
hneurons
how hmany hsynaptic hconnections hdoes hthe haverage hneuron hmake hto hother
hneurons? h- hANSWER✓✓-1000 h- hbut hranges hfrom ha hhandful hup hto h200,000
hin hPurkinje hcells
what hpercent hof hthe hbody's hoxygen hand hglucose his hused hby hthe hbrain? h-
hANSWER✓✓-20%
T/F: hyour hbrain huses hup hto h10x hmore henergy hwhen hyou're hthinking hhard,
hrather hthan hin ha hdeep hsleep. h- hANSWER✓✓-False
levels hof horganization hof hnervous hsystem:
cell: h___________
tissue: h____________
organ: h____________
system: h____________ h- hANSWER✓✓-- hindividual hneurons
- hnerves, hganglia
- hbrain hand hspinal hcord
- hnervous hsystem
Cell hbody h- hANSWER✓✓-the hcell's hlife hsupport hcenter
Dendrites h- hANSWER✓✓-receive hmessages hfrom hother hcells
Axon h- hANSWER✓✓-passes hmessages haway hfrom hthe hcell hbody hto hother
hneurons, hmuscles, hor hglands
neural himpulse h(action hpotential) h- hANSWER✓✓-electrical hsignal htraveling
hdown hthe haxon
myelin hsheath h- hANSWER✓✓-covers hthe haxon hof hsome hneurons hand hhelps
hspeed hneural himpulses
terminal hbranches hof haxon h- hANSWER✓✓-form hjunctions hwith hother hcells
terminal hbutton h- hANSWER✓✓-bud hat hthe hend hof han haxon; hforms hsynapses
hwith hother hneurons; hsends hinformation hto hother hneurons hvia
hneurotransmitters
Study hon h3-5 hyear hold hchildren hwith hhigher huse hof hscreen-based hmedia hhad
h____________(higher/lower) hmeasures hof hstructural hintegrity hand hmyelination
hand hscored h_____________(higher/lower) h- hANSWER✓✓-lower, hlower
, axons hhave htwo hbasic helectrical hpotentials h- hANSWER✓✓--resting hmembrane
hpotential
-action hpotential
resting hmembrane hpotential h- hANSWER✓✓-- hextracellular hfluid: hrich hin hNa+
hand hCl-
- hintracellular hfluid: hrich hin hK+
- hbanana(potassium) hin hthe hocean(NaCl)
T/F: hAction hpotential hof ha hgiven hneuron his han hall hor hnone hphenomenon h-
hANSWER✓✓-True
How his han haction hpotential hdetermined? h(yes hor hno) h- hANSWER✓✓-
excitatory hvs hinhibitory hfighting hover hwho his hgoing hto hwin hto hdetermine hif
hthe haction hpotential hwill hfire
Synapse h- hANSWER✓✓-a hjunction hbetween hthe hterminal hbutton hof han haxon
hand hthe hmembrane h(usually hsomatic hor hdendritic hmembrane) hof hanother
hneuron
chemical htransmission hat hthe hsynapse h- hANSWER✓✓--action hpotential
hreaches hterminal hbuttons
-triggers hrelease hof hneurotransmitters
-flood hinto hsynapse
-can hbe hreceived hby hreceptors h(dendrites) hof hother hneuron, hwashed haway,
hor hdrawn hback hinto hterminal hbuttons hvia hreuptake
Reuptake h- hANSWER✓✓-transporters hlocated hin hthe hpresynaptic hmembrane
htransport hthe hmolecules hof hneurotransmitter hback hinto hthe hcytoplasm h(most
hcommon)
How hdo hSSRIs hwork? h- hANSWER✓✓-SSRIs hblock hthe hreuptake hof hserotonin,
hmaking hmore hof hit havailable hat hthe hsynaptic hgap hand hincreasing
hserotonergic henergy
Enzymatic hdeactivation h- hANSWER✓✓-destruction hof ha hneurotransmitter hby
han henzyme hafter hits hrelease
neurogenesis h- hANSWER✓✓-production hof hnew hneurons
adult hbrain hcontains hstem hcells hthat hcan hdivide hand hproduce hnew hneurons
hprimarily hin hthe h_______( h), h________( h), h_________( h) hand hperhaps hin hthe
h___________. h- hANSWER✓✓-- hhippocampus h(memory)
- holfactory hbulb h(smell, hmotherly hattachment)
- hamygdala h(emotions)
- hcerebellum
h h h h h
solutions 2024
h h
reasons hto happly hneuroscience hto hthe hstudy hof hhappiness h- hANSWER✓✓--
hcontrol hfor hbiases hand hother hproblems h(happiness his hsubjective)
- hdiscover hunderlying hneural hmechanism hof hmood hstates
- hprovide hmeans hof hevaluating htreatment htechniques
- hprovide hevidence hthat hmind hchanges h--> hbrain hchanges h(growth hmindset)
growth hmindset h- hANSWER✓✓-- hpeople hlearn hthat htheir hmost hbasic habilities
hcan hbe hdeveloped hthrough hdedication hand hhard hwork
- hcreates hlove hof hlearning hand hresilience hthat his hessential
programs hto hdevelop hgrowth hmindset hare hmost hbeneficial hin hstudents hwith
h__________________ h- hANSWER✓✓-low hsocioeconomic hstatus hor hwho hare
hacademically hat hrisk
_____________(low hincome/high hincome) hstudents hare hless hlikely hto hhold ha
hgrowth hmindset h- hANSWER✓✓-low hincome
_________(low hincome/high hincome) hstudents hwho hexhibit ha hgrowth hmindset
hmay hperform hbetter hthan h_________________(low hincome/high hincome)
hstudents hwith ha hfixed hmindset h- hANSWER✓✓-low hincome, hhigh hincome
self-directed hneuroplasticity h- hANSWER✓✓-- hall hmental hactivity hcreates hnew
hneural hstructures
- hevery hthought hleaves han himprint
- hrepeatedly hdoing hsmall hthings hinside hyour hmid hover htime hwill hlead hto
hbigger hchanges hin hyour hbrain hand hyour hexperience hof hliving
happiness hand h________ hhas hone hof hthe hstrongest hcorrelations h-
hANSWER✓✓-social hsupport
the hgreatest hpredictor hof hhappiness hin hcollege hstudents hduring hperiods hof
hhigh hstress his h___________ h- hANSWER✓✓-social hsupport
how hmany hpounds his hyour hbrain? h- hANSWER✓✓-3 hlbs
,how hmany hneurons hdoes hthe hbrain hcontain? h- hANSWER✓✓-86 hbillion
hneurons
how hmany hsynaptic hconnections hdoes hthe haverage hneuron hmake hto hother
hneurons? h- hANSWER✓✓-1000 h- hbut hranges hfrom ha hhandful hup hto h200,000
hin hPurkinje hcells
what hpercent hof hthe hbody's hoxygen hand hglucose his hused hby hthe hbrain? h-
hANSWER✓✓-20%
T/F: hyour hbrain huses hup hto h10x hmore henergy hwhen hyou're hthinking hhard,
hrather hthan hin ha hdeep hsleep. h- hANSWER✓✓-False
levels hof horganization hof hnervous hsystem:
cell: h___________
tissue: h____________
organ: h____________
system: h____________ h- hANSWER✓✓-- hindividual hneurons
- hnerves, hganglia
- hbrain hand hspinal hcord
- hnervous hsystem
Cell hbody h- hANSWER✓✓-the hcell's hlife hsupport hcenter
Dendrites h- hANSWER✓✓-receive hmessages hfrom hother hcells
Axon h- hANSWER✓✓-passes hmessages haway hfrom hthe hcell hbody hto hother
hneurons, hmuscles, hor hglands
neural himpulse h(action hpotential) h- hANSWER✓✓-electrical hsignal htraveling
hdown hthe haxon
myelin hsheath h- hANSWER✓✓-covers hthe haxon hof hsome hneurons hand hhelps
hspeed hneural himpulses
terminal hbranches hof haxon h- hANSWER✓✓-form hjunctions hwith hother hcells
terminal hbutton h- hANSWER✓✓-bud hat hthe hend hof han haxon; hforms hsynapses
hwith hother hneurons; hsends hinformation hto hother hneurons hvia
hneurotransmitters
Study hon h3-5 hyear hold hchildren hwith hhigher huse hof hscreen-based hmedia hhad
h____________(higher/lower) hmeasures hof hstructural hintegrity hand hmyelination
hand hscored h_____________(higher/lower) h- hANSWER✓✓-lower, hlower
, axons hhave htwo hbasic helectrical hpotentials h- hANSWER✓✓--resting hmembrane
hpotential
-action hpotential
resting hmembrane hpotential h- hANSWER✓✓-- hextracellular hfluid: hrich hin hNa+
hand hCl-
- hintracellular hfluid: hrich hin hK+
- hbanana(potassium) hin hthe hocean(NaCl)
T/F: hAction hpotential hof ha hgiven hneuron his han hall hor hnone hphenomenon h-
hANSWER✓✓-True
How his han haction hpotential hdetermined? h(yes hor hno) h- hANSWER✓✓-
excitatory hvs hinhibitory hfighting hover hwho his hgoing hto hwin hto hdetermine hif
hthe haction hpotential hwill hfire
Synapse h- hANSWER✓✓-a hjunction hbetween hthe hterminal hbutton hof han haxon
hand hthe hmembrane h(usually hsomatic hor hdendritic hmembrane) hof hanother
hneuron
chemical htransmission hat hthe hsynapse h- hANSWER✓✓--action hpotential
hreaches hterminal hbuttons
-triggers hrelease hof hneurotransmitters
-flood hinto hsynapse
-can hbe hreceived hby hreceptors h(dendrites) hof hother hneuron, hwashed haway,
hor hdrawn hback hinto hterminal hbuttons hvia hreuptake
Reuptake h- hANSWER✓✓-transporters hlocated hin hthe hpresynaptic hmembrane
htransport hthe hmolecules hof hneurotransmitter hback hinto hthe hcytoplasm h(most
hcommon)
How hdo hSSRIs hwork? h- hANSWER✓✓-SSRIs hblock hthe hreuptake hof hserotonin,
hmaking hmore hof hit havailable hat hthe hsynaptic hgap hand hincreasing
hserotonergic henergy
Enzymatic hdeactivation h- hANSWER✓✓-destruction hof ha hneurotransmitter hby
han henzyme hafter hits hrelease
neurogenesis h- hANSWER✓✓-production hof hnew hneurons
adult hbrain hcontains hstem hcells hthat hcan hdivide hand hproduce hnew hneurons
hprimarily hin hthe h_______( h), h________( h), h_________( h) hand hperhaps hin hthe
h___________. h- hANSWER✓✓-- hhippocampus h(memory)
- holfactory hbulb h(smell, hmotherly hattachment)
- hamygdala h(emotions)
- hcerebellum
