AP Computer Science Principles, UNIT 2 Chapter 2 Questions & Answers

Hypothesis - ANSWERSa proposed explanation for some phenomenon used as the basis for further investigation digital divide - ANSWERSpeople's access to computing and the Internet differs based on socioeconomic or geographic characteristics README - ANSWERSa document providing background information about a data set CSV - ANSWERSabbreviation of "comma-separated values," this is a widely-used format for storing data Raw data - ANSWERSthe original data as it was collected Summary table - ANSWERSa table of aggregate information about a data set (e.g., the average, sum, count of some values) Limitations of the computer - ANSWERSusing computational tools to analyze data has made it much easier to find trends and patterns in large data sets. When preparing data for this kind of analysis, however, it's important to remember that the computer is much less "intelligent" than we might imagine. Small discrepancies in the data may prevent accurate interpretation of trends and patterns and can even make it impossible to use the data at all. Cleaning data is therefore an important step in analyzing it, and in many contexts, it may actually take the largest amount of time free form text - ANSWERSdata that needs to be standardized by humans and not a computer; categorical answers to open-ended questions are a matter of judgement cleaning and filtering data - ANSWERSnecessary to ensure that data is in a form that is better for computers to process Pivot table - ANSWERSthe tool used by most spreadsheet programs to create a summary table 1. used to quickly perform aggregate computations and groupings on a set of raw data 2. used to generate a summarized view of a large data set which is helpful for gaining insight Aggregation - ANSWERSa computation in which rows from a data set are grouped together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or measurement. Common aggregations include: Average, Count, Sum, Max, Median, etc.