NUR 115 - Test 3 - Harmon

Following the completion of a basic program for registered nurses, graduates are allowed to take what licensing exam? - RN-NCLEX - exam for registered nurses Following the completion of a basic program for practical nurses, graduates are allowed to take what licensing exam? - PN-NCLEX - exam for practical nurses What does "licensure" mean to the nursing graduate? - Upon successful completion of a licensing exam, graduates may legally practice nursing in their own state. Describe the preparation of the Diploma nurse, Associate Degree Nurse, and the Baccalaureate Degree Nurse? - •Diploma Nurse - 3 year program; sponsored by and attached to the hospital setting; highly trained and skilled nurses; enrollment has declined for various reasons •Associate Degree Nurse - 2 year program; part of the technical schools and community colleges; began in 1952; very popular program for various reasons •Baccalaureate Degree Nurse - 4 year program; part of 4 year colleges and universities; BSN programs are needed to provide leadership in administration; public health; and teaching What were the 5 recommendations made by various studies that set the stage for the development of the nursing educational programs that exist today? - •Should be within the system of higher education •Nurses should be highly educated •Students should not be used to staff hospitals •Standards of nursing practice needed to be established •All students need to meet minimum qualifications upon graduation List several reasons why the Associate Degree Nursing programs were popular? - •Shorter duration •Evening hours •Part-time •Low tuition •Accessibility •Graduates can take the RN-NCLEX Describe the preparation and practice of the Licensed Practical/Vocational nurse? - •Practical Nurse - typically lasts 12 months; technical workers; limited scope of practice (Vocational schools, Technical schools, and Community Colleges Describe the roles of Advanced Practice Nurses (i.e. Nurse Practitioners, Certified Nurse Midwives, Clinical Nurse Specialists, and Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists). - •Nurse Practitioners - conduct physical exams; diagnose and treat common and acute illnesses; manage chronic problems; order and interpret lab tests; and counsel/teach patients •Clinical Nurse Specialists - provide care in specialty areas; educator; consultant; develop quality assurance procedures •Nurse Midwives - provide prenatal and gynecological care to normal, healthy women; deliver babies; and follow up with postpartum care •Nurse Anesthetists - administer anesthesia for all types of surgeries in various settings What is the official, professional, accrediting organization for Associate Degree Nursing programs? - National League for Nursing Accreditation Commission (NLNAC) What organization was created in 1996 as the national accrediting body for baccalaureate and higher degree nursing programs? - Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) Describe the process of "accreditation" of nursing programs. Why should nursing schools be accredited? - •A voluntary review process of educational programs by a professional organization •Compares the educational quality of the program with standards and criteria •An accredited program voluntarily adheres to standards to protect the quality of education, public safety, and the profession itself Describe what "certification" means to nursing? List some of the certifying organizations in nursing. - •A credential that has professional but not legal status •A certificate is awarded by a professional group as validation of specific qualifications demonstrated by the RN in a defined area of practice •Examples are RNC; CPNP; CFNP What is the impact of "continuing education" on the nursing practice? - •Informal ways that nurses maintain expertise during their professional careers •Conferences, short courses, workshops, etc. are examples Describe the three phases of the nurse-patient relationship. - •Orientation phase - "getting to know the patient" Develop trust Gain respect Assess needs of patient Be an active listener Establish a time line with the patient •Working phase - "tackle the tasks identified in orientation phase" Patience Self-awareness Maturity •Termination phase - "activities that end the relationship in a therapeutic manner" Positive and negative feelings Summarize the gains that the patient has made View relationship as an opportunity to grow and change in a positive and caring manner Define communication - •Exchange of thoughts, ideas, or information •Part of every relationship •Primary instrument through change occurs Identify the levels of communication - • Verbal - speaking • Non-verbal - Gestures Clothing Posture Facial expressions Tone and volume of voice List the 5 major elements that have to be present for communication to take place. - •Sender •Message •Receiver •Feedback •Context or setting Identify the criteria and strategies for successful communication - •Feedback •Appropriateness - Reply fits the circumstances and matches the messages •Efficiency - simple, clear words •Flexibility - deal with patient's questions and feelings •Be a good listener •Take cultural differences into consideration What are the techniques that are helpful in responding to patients and others? - •Be non-judgmental •Observe body language •Be and active listener •Show empathy •Demonstrate caring and compassion •Ask open-ended questions •Give information •Use reflection - method of encouraging patient to think through their problems •Silence can be a helpful response Describe the process of collaboration and how it is used in the health care setting. - •Working jointly with other professionals •Respect for each one's knowledge and abilities •Willingness to work together •Supportive organization/workplace •A process in which outcomes are positive for all involved •The nurse-physician collaboration is the most problematic •Collaboration of nurses with unlicensed assistive personnel affects the quality of care to patients; sometimes mutual respect and cooperation is missing What are some of the common causes of communication breakdown? - •Failure to see the uniqueness of the individual •Failure to recognize levels of meaning •Use value statements and clichés •Give false reassurance •Failure to clarify