NUR 115 Final Exam Guide

Mildred Montag - Founded ADN education 1952 Lillian Wald - Founded the Henry st. Settlement and public health nursing. Hildegard Peplau - Pioneer in nursing theory Mary Mahoney - First black trained nurse Mary Breckinridge - Nurse midwife who founded the Frontier Nursing Service Clara Barton - Who founded the American Red Cross Mary Ann Bickerdyke - A civil war lay nurse who rallied the soldiers, cleaning up the camps and soldiers. Dorothea Dix - An avid reformer or care of the mentally ill Florence Nightingale - Founder of modern nursing and nursing education Adelaide Nutting - First professor of nursing in the world Isabel Hampton Robb - Helped to form the National League Of Nursing and the American Nurses Association. Nursing Journals - Written for nurses; offer the latest info. Research results. Non-Professional Magazines/Journals - Written for the public Midlands Tech Colleges nursing program philosophy of nursing - Support the mission of the college Affirm the worth and dignity of the individual Nursing is an art and a science with varying levels of practitioners Education is a lifelong process Nursing education includes preparation and general academics and technical skills Contains the scope of practice for the LPN and the RN Philosophy of nursing - Statement of beliefs about nursing Expressions of values in nursing Used for decision making and the practice of nursing Individual nurses' philosophies Collective philosophies- hospitals and schools of nursing 10 professional nursing values - Compassion/Caring Accountability/Responsibility Ethical Knowledgeable Teamwork Patient advocate Holistic Competent Openness to learning Respectful What are values? - Freely chosen principles, ideals, or standards Gives meaning and direction to a person's life Abstract representation of what is right or desirable Values are developed as culture, society, and individuals change Nurses need to understand their own value system. Non-judgmental approach Beliefs - Intellectual acceptance of something as true or correct Shown through attitudes and behaviors It is important to know ones beliefs because the practice of nursing frequently challenges a nurses beliefs Most recent published set of beliefs is the Nursing Code Of Ethics What is holistic nursing? - (Nourishes the whole person) (body, mind, and spirit) Nursing is an open system Nursing provided several health care services including maintaining health, preventing disease, restoring health, and achieving a peaceful death Involves collaborating with patients and families South Carolina's definition of registered nursing - "Practice of registered nursing" means the performance of health care acts in the nursing process that involve assessment, analysis, intervention, and evaluation. National League of Nursings definition of nursing - Not a specific def. based on 4 core values Caring- promoting health healing and hope Integrity- respecting the dignity and moral wholeness of the individual Diversity- affecting the uniqueness of and the differences among persons Excellence- creating and implementing transformative strategies American Nurses Association (ANA)definition of nursing - Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy and the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. Virginia Hendersons definition of nursing - By 1960, this definition was universally excepted and represented and emergence of contemporary nursing. "The unique function of the nurses to assist the individual, sick or well, and performance of those activities contributing to health or it's recovery (or to a peaceful death) Responsibility of care is shared by the patient and the nurse Dorthea Orem's definition of nursing - Captures the "self-care" theory of nursing. Nursing gives direct assistance to a person, as required, because of the person specific and abilities and self-care resulting from a situation of personal health." Believe that nurses only do for the patient what they would do for themselves Martha Rogers definition of nursing - The first definition to mention the "nursing process." Nursing aims to assist people in achieving their maximum health potential. Maintenance and promotion of health, prevention of disease, nursing diagnosis, intervention, and rehabilitation. Defining nursing - Establishes purposes/functions Differentiates from other occupations Establishes parameters/boundaries Florence Nightingale's definition - Simple Dealt with basic needs of the patient "Nature acting upon him" Use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and proper first. Least expense of the patient Functions of the national student nurses association - Promotes professional growth Discounts on products Voice for nursing students Mentor students Promotes developmental skills Advocate high quality health care Purposes of the national league of nursing - Oldest org. for nurses Advances quality nursing education Concerned with quality of nursing for all types of prog. -practical nurse -assoc. degree -baccalaureate -masters CNEA - Commission for Nursing Education Accreditation ACEN - Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing Statutory law affecting nursing - (Law establishes through formal legislative processes) -defined the practice of nursing -sets educational qualifications for licensure Legal titles/abbreviations that nurses can uses Provides disciplinary action for licensees State board of nursing - 3 functions - Authority to administer the nursing practice act Authority to adopt rules to administer the act Sortie to deny, suspension, or Avoca license or otherwise discipline Malpractice - Professional negligence Negligence - Failure to act as a reasonably prudent person Assault - Threat or attempt to injure Battery - Act carried out Delegation - Empower one to act for another informed consent - permission granted voluntarily by a person who is of sound mind and aware of all factors involved Confidentiality - Protection to private info. Purposes for the professional nursing org. - Professional standards of practice Ethical conduct of members Ensure high quality Leadership opportunities Meet present and future challenges Benefits of belonging to a professional org. - Develop leadership skills Certification Research opportunities Defining practice standards and redefining policies Legislative lobbying power Publications Health/life/malpractice insurance Discounts Networking with peera Magnet Recognition Program for nursing - A program of the American Nurses Credential Center, which is a subsidiary of ANA. Recognizes health care organizations that provide nursing excellence. Provides a vehicle for disseminating successful nursing practice and strategies. Recognizes quality patient care. Recognizes innovations in professional nursing practice. Functions of the National Student Nurses Association - Promotes professional growth Discounts on products Voice for nursing students Promotes development of skills Advocate high quality health care Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC) - By Exam By endorsement- endorsed by other state boards of nursing. Nurse licensure compact- allows an RN to have once license (in the state residency) yet practice in other compact states without an additional license; developed to improve the mobility of nurses. Strategies by the nurse to limit the possibility of legal action - Practice in a safe setting Communicate with other health professionals; Open and clean communication -verbal and written Delegate wisely Meet the standard of care - technically competent; keeping up to date; be aware of peer expectations; participate as an equal on the health care team Carry professional liability insurance Promote positive interpersonal relationships - best strategy Values - Attitudes, ideals, or beliefs that an individual or group holds to guide their behavior Expressed in terms of right and wrong Values are freely chosen Indicates what a person considers important Ethics - What actions an individual "should" take What "should" be done for people to live together Bible codes of ethics - 10 commandments Process oriented and require a critical analysis Bioethics - application of ethical theories and principles Ethical dilemmas Ethical decision-making ANA Nursing Code of Ethics ICN (international council of nurses) code of ethics ANA code of ethics - Nursing profession informing society of principles/rules by which nurses function More emphasis is placed on patients' rights -respect for human dignity -patients rights to privacy -safeguards the patient and the public -assumes responsibility and accountability -maintains competence -good judgement/ clinical decision - making -professional development -high quality nursing care - maintains integrity -collaborate with other health care team members ICN (International Council of Nurses) code of ethics - Called the international council of nurses code for nurse 80+ Nations Respect for life, dignity, and integrity of all people in a manner that is unmindful of nationality, race, creed, color, age, sex, political affiliation, or social status Morals - Provide standards of behavior Established rules of conduct to be used in situations in which a decision about right and wrong must be made Reflect how individuals or groups behave Learned over time are are influenced by life experiences Kohlbergs morals/ethics - Often used interchangeably Sometimes difficult to define and distinguish between the two Kholbergs most fundamental human right - Respect for others Valuing every aspect of a persons life Each individuals is unique and equal to others Foundations of all ethical principles Kholbergs moral development - Various theories Describes how a person deals with moral dilemmas from childhood to adulthood Kholbergs stages of moral reasoning is utilized in our nursing program - <9 years: self centered - >9 years and adults: conform to expectations of family/groups/society Independent thinking: defining own moral values (higher intellectual development) Letter written to nursing students/faculty by the Anne backer PhD, RN, FAAN - NLN states that "doing the right thing is simply how we do business." Our actions reveal our commitment to truth telling Nurses must be guardians of the ethical treatment of patients Every action and a life is thought to aim at something good Patients rights - Public wants a say in matters affecting their health care Guarantees certain rights and privileges to every hospitalized patient - considerate and respectful care - understandable information regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis -know the identity of health care team member - know the financial implications - make decisions about the plan of care - advance directive - privacy - conversations and records - review his (her) own record and have it explained, except when restricted by law Hospital will make a reasonable response to the request of the patient Consent to or decline in research studies Ethical decision - making: 6 steps - Clarify the dilemma Gather additional data Identify options Make a decision Act upon the decision Evaluate Advance directives - Patient self-determination Act was established in 1992 by congress to safeguard patients rights to determine how vigorously they wanted to be treated in life and death situations. Legal documents that indicate the wishes of adult individuals in regards to end-oflife issues - vary each state. In SC there are 2 advanced directives - - health care power of attorney - living will Other types of advanced directives - - organ donation - EMS DNR (do not resuscitate) order Florence Nightingale pledge - I solemnly pledge myself before god and in the prescience of this assembly, to pass my life in purity and to practice my profession faithfully. Nursing licensure - Upon successful completions of a licensing exam, graduates may legally practice nursing in their own state. A process by which gov. Agency (State Board of Nursing grants permission to qualified persons to engage in a given profession or occupation Licensing exam - RN-NCLEX - Exam for registered nurses PN-NCLEX - Exam for practical nurses Practical nurse - Typically 12 months; technical workers; limited scope of practice (vocational schools, technical schools, and community colleges) Diploma nurse - 3 year program; sponsored by and attached to the hospital setting; highly trained and skilled nurses; enrollment has declined for various reasons. Associate degree nurse - 2 year program; part of the technical schools and community colleges; began in 1952; very popular program. Baccalaureate Degree Nurse - 4 year program; part of 4 year colleges and universities; BSN programs are needed to provide leadership in administration; public health; and teaching Other types of preparation - External degree program- independent study Articulated program- RN to BSN; RN to Masters; LPN to ADN Recommendations for the development of nursing educational programs (1930's) - Should be within the system of higher education Nurses should be highly educated Students sound not be used to staff hospitals Standards of nursing practice needed to be established All student need to meet minimum qualifications upon graduation Popularity of ADN programs - Short duration Evening hours Part-time Low tuition Accessibility Graduated can take the RN-NCLEX Accreditation - A voluntary review process of educational programs by a professional org. Compares the educational quality of the program with standards and criteria An accredited program voluntarily adheres to standards to protect the quality of education, public safety, and the profession itself NLN - Newly formed (2015) accreditation commission. Accreditation all types of nursing programs. As a dates this commission has accredited 3 nursing programs in the US beginning Feb. 2017